ABSTRACT
During November 2015, the North Carolina Division of Public Health was notified by the Pitt County Health Department (PCHD) that approximately 40 persons who attended a catered company Thanksgiving lunch the previous day were ill with diarrhea and abdominal pain. The North Carolina Division of Public Health and PCHD worked together to investigate the source of illness and implement control measures. Within hours of notification, investigators developed and distributed an online survey to all lunch attendees regarding symptoms and foods consumed and initiated a cohort study. A case of illness was defined as abdominal pain or diarrhea in a lunch attendee with illness onset <24 hours after the event. Risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated for all menu items. Among 80 attendees, 58 (73%) completed the survey, including 44 respondents (76%) who reported illnesses meeting the case definition; among these, 41 (93%) reported diarrhea, and 40 (91%) reported abdominal pain. There were no hospitalizations. Symptom onset began a median of 13 hours after lunch (range = 1-22 hours). Risk for illness among persons who ate turkey or stuffing (38 of 44; 86%), which were plated and served together, was significantly higher than risk for illness among those who did not eat turkey or stuffing (six of 14; 43%) (RR = 2.02; 95% CI = 1.09-3.73).
Subject(s)
Clostridium Infections/epidemiology , Clostridium perfringens/isolation & purification , Disease Outbreaks , Foodborne Diseases/epidemiology , Gastroenteritis/epidemiology , Cohort Studies , Feces/microbiology , Food Handling , Food Microbiology , Food Safety , Food Services , Foodborne Diseases/microbiology , Gastroenteritis/microbiology , Humans , Lunch , Meat/microbiology , North Carolina/epidemiologyABSTRACT
We report two cases of massive antepartum vulvar edema in patients with preeclampsia. Medical therapy failed to relieve the edema. Both patients underwent cesarean deliveries because of fetal distress. Mechanical drainage of the edema fluid may be useful in women with this complication, however, if pregnancy termination is not urgent.
Subject(s)
Edema/etiology , Pre-Eclampsia/complications , Vulvar Diseases/etiology , Adolescent , Adult , Drainage , Edema/therapy , Female , Humans , Pregnancy , Vulvar Diseases/therapyABSTRACT
Eighteen former and active boxers underwent neurological examination, EEG, computed tomographic scan of the brain, and neuropsychological testing. Eighty-seven percent of the professional boxers had definite evidence of brain damage. All the boxers had abnormal results on at least one of the neuropsychological tests. Brain damage is a frequent result of a career in professional boxing.
Subject(s)
Athletic Injuries/complications , Boxing , Brain Damage, Chronic/diagnosis , Brain Injuries/complications , Adolescent , Adult , Athletic Injuries/diagnosis , Athletic Injuries/diagnostic imaging , Brain/diagnostic imaging , Brain Damage, Chronic/diagnostic imaging , Brain Damage, Chronic/etiology , Electroencephalography , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Psychological Tests , Psychomotor Performance , Tomography, X-Ray ComputedABSTRACT
Detailed neurological examinations, EEG and CT scans of the head were performed on 10 professional boxers aged 20 to 31 years shortly after being knocked-out. Intracerebral and subdural haematomas were not suspected or discovered. However, CT scans revealed cerebral atrophy in five of the boxers; this finding was most common in the boxers with the most bouts. The possible relationship of these findings to the chronic encephalopathy of boxers is discussed.
