ABSTRACT
In patients with active brucellosis, the liver is frequently affected by histopathologic lesions, such as granulomas, inflammatory infiltrations, and parenchymal necrosis. Herein, we examine some potential mechanisms of liver damage in brucellosis. We demonstrate that Brucella abortus infection inhibits matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) secretion and induces collagen deposition and tissue inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase-1 secretion induced by hepatic stellate cells (LX-2). These phenomena depend on transforming growth factor-ß1 induction. In contrast, supernatants from B. abortus-infected hepatocytes and monocytes induce MMP-9 secretion and inhibit collagen deposition in hepatic stellate cells. Yet, if LX-2 cells are infected with B. abortus, the capacity of supernatants from B. abortus-infected hepatocytes and monocytes to induce MMP-9 secretion and inhibit collagen deposition is abrogated. These results indicate that depending on the balance between interacting cells and cytokines of the surrounding milieu, the response of LX-2 cells could be turned into an inflammatory or fibrogenic phenotype. Livers from mice infected with B. abortus displayed a fibrogenic phenotype with patches of collagen deposition and transforming growth factor-ß1 induction. This study provides potential mechanisms of liver immune response induced by B. abortus-infected hepatic stellate cells. In addition, these results demonstrate that the cross talk of these cells with hepatocytes and macrophages implements a series of interactions that may contribute to explaining some of mechanisms of liver damage observed in human brucellosis.
Subject(s)
Brucella abortus , Brucellosis , Collagen/metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic , Hepatic Stellate Cells , Liver Cirrhosis , Matrix Metalloproteinase 9/biosynthesis , Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism , Animals , Brucellosis/metabolism , Brucellosis/pathology , Cell Line , Down-Regulation , Female , Hepatic Stellate Cells/metabolism , Hepatic Stellate Cells/pathology , Humans , Liver Cirrhosis/metabolism , Liver Cirrhosis/pathology , Mice , Mice, Inbred BALB CABSTRACT
The development of an inmunosensor for the point-of-care detection of the foot-and-mouth cattle disease is presented. The detector is based on an ELISA method with electrochemical detection. A non-structural protein, 3ABC, is used to selectively detect antibodies is used to selectively detect anti-3ABC antibodies produced after infection. The biological test is performed onto a screen printed electrodes. A dedicated small, portable potentiostat is employed for the control of the sensors, as well as data acquisition, processing, and storage.
Subject(s)
Antibodies/immunology , Conductometry/instrumentation , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/instrumentation , Foot-and-Mouth Disease/diagnosis , Foot-and-Mouth Disease/immunology , Point-of-Care Systems , Viral Nonstructural Proteins/immunology , Animals , Antibodies/analysis , Equipment Design , Equipment Failure Analysis , Humans , Viral Nonstructural Proteins/bloodABSTRACT
Pre-surgical orthodontic treatments have the objective of establishing harmony between the dental arches by moving the teeth to ideal positions in relation to their bony bases, in order to achieve adequate antero-posterior occlusal and transverse relationships at the moment of surgery. Among the typical requirements in terms of dental compensations presented by Class III patients that require surgery, the inclination of anterior teeth must be changed in most cases by proclination of the lower incisors and retroclination of upper incisors. To achieve the inclination of the upper incisors, many different alternatives have been proposed, such as inter-proximal reduction, extractions, or distalization of upper molars, which has not been widely reported in the literature as a means to decompensate Class III malocclusion prior to surgery. This article describes the Bone Supported Pendulum (BSP) as an efficient therapeutic option to distalize molars through the use of an appliance stabilized to the palate by mini-implants, thus avoiding extractions and providing good interdigitation and coordination of the dental arches.
Subject(s)
Malocclusion, Angle Class III/therapy , Molar/pathology , Orthodontic Appliance Design , Tooth Movement Techniques/instrumentation , Adolescent , Bone Screws , Female , Humans , Incisor/pathology , Malocclusion, Angle Class III/surgery , Mandible/surgery , Maxilla/surgery , Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures/instrumentation , Osteotomy/methods , Osteotomy, Le Fort , Patient Care Planning , Prognathism/surgery , Prognathism/therapy , Tooth Movement Techniques/methodsABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: Orthodontic camouflage in patients with slight or moderate skeletal Class III malocclusions, can be obtained through different treatment alternatives. The purpose of this paper is to present a treatment that has not been described in the literature and which consists of the extraction of lower second molars and distal movement of the posterior segments by means of mandibular cervical headgear (MCH) and fixed appliances as a camouflage alternative. The force applied by the MCH was 250 gr per side (14hr/day). The total treatment time was 1 1/2 years. CONCLUSION: the extraction of lower second molars along with the use of mandibular cervical headgear is a good treatment alternative for camouflage in moderate Class III patients in order to obtain good occlusal relationships without affecting facial esthetics or producing marked dental compensations.
