Giant Arteriovenous Malformation of the Neck.

Arteriovenous malformations (AVM) have a wide range of clinical presentations. Operative bleeding is one of the most hazardous complications in the surgical management of high-flow vascular malformations. In the cervical region, the presence of vital vascular structures, such as the carotid artery and jugular vein, may increase this risk. This is a case of massive arteriovenous malformation deforming the neck and the face aspect of this aged lady and growing for several years. A giant mass of the left neck occupied the carotid region and the subclavian region. The AVM was developed between the carotid arteries, jugular veins, and vertebral and subclavian vessels, with arterial and venous flux. The patient underwent surgery twice for the cure of that AVM. The first step was the ligation of the external carotid. Seven days later, the excision of the mass was done. In postoperative period the patient presented a peripheral facial paralysis which completely decreased within 10 days. The first ligation of the external carotid reduces significantly the blood flow into the AVM. It permitted secondarily the complete ablation of the AVM without major bleeding even though multiple ligations were done.

Penetrating Heart Injury due to Screwdriver Assault.

Penetrating heart injuries cause wounds in the cardiac chambers. Most of them are due to gunshot or stabbing by knives. Screwdriver is an uncommon weapon. Authors report a case of stab wound by screwdriver, treated at cardiovascular center in Dakar. This is a 16-year-old boy who experienced physical aggression. He was assaulted with a screwdriver and had stab wound on the anterior wall of the chest. Physical examination showed a screwdriver penetrating the sternum bone over a right angle. He had a mild pericardial blood effusion and a right ventricle wound 5 mm in diameter with transection of the right coronary vein. The screwdriver was removed without cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and the ventricle wound repaired by direct suture of stitches reinforced with Teflon pledgets. The right coronary artery was ligated. Postoperative period was free of events. Screwdriver is uncommonly used as a weapon. It is a dangerous device because of its rigid structure and narrow tip.

[Results of surgical treatment for pulmonary aspergilloma]. / Résultats du traitement chirurgical de l'aspergillome pulmonaire à Dakar.

INTRODUCTION: Aspergilloma results from the development, inside preexisting pulmonary cavities, of aspergillus spores. It is most commonly manifested by hemoptysis. The goal of this retrospective study is to report our surgical experience of this disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From January 2004 to December 2008, 35 patients underwent surgery at the same center for pulmonary aspergilloma. We examined the epidemiological, clinical, paraclinical, therapeutic, and outcome data. RESULTS: The patients' median age was 43.37 years (range: 20-70 years), 28 were male. The average time to consultation was 19.35 months (1-120 months), and all patients had a history of pulmonary tuberculosis. Hemoptysis was the symptom observed most often, in 54.3% of patients, followed by bronchorrhea. Aspergillus serology was positive for 22 patients. The standard radiological image was found in 20 patients. We performed 14 lobectomies, 1 bilobectomy, 1 segmentectomy, 1 bisegmentectomy, 3 lobectomies with segmentectomies, 1 bilobectomy with segmentectomy, and 14 pleuropneumonectomies. In one case, the pulmonary artery was damaged and repaired. The average duration of intensive care was 3.54 days (2-7 days) and of total hospitalization, 17.33 days (7-48). Complications were: empyema (3 cases), a large air leak (1 case), parietal suppuration (5 cases), and pleural effusion, which was drained (3 cases). There was no postoperative mortality. After 35 months (1-72), one case of recurrent hemoptysis by reinfestation was observed. Three patients died of respiratory failure, one at 6 months and the other two at 1 year after the surgery. CONCLUSION: Despite the associated morbidity, surgical treatment of pulmonary aspergilloma must be proposed systematically to these subjects presenting hemoptysis.

[Primitive neuroectodermal tumor of the vagus nerve]. / Tumeur neuroectodermique primitive du nerf vague.

Primitive neuroectodermal tumors are a rare type of malignant neuroectodermal tumor that is very aggressive. Cervicofacial location is rare, even exceptional. We report a case of a 4-month-old male infant, referred from the pediatric clinic for severe supralaryngeal dyspnea, a firm mass under the left mandibular angle, mobile and extended to the parotid area, painful, with a curve of the left side wall of the oropharynx. Cervical computed tomodensitometry showed a well-limited mass in the carotid area, enhanced by the contrast product. A vascularized mass, which had developed at the expense of the vagus nerve, was removed surgically. Histology found a primitive neuroectodermal tumor.

Left atrium papillary fibroelastomas: a cause of cerebral emboli.

Papillary fibroelastomas are cardiac benign tumours. Among the benign cardiac tumor, papillary fibroelastomas are reported second after myxomas. Most often diagnosed incidentally, papillary fibroelastomas may embolize to cerebral circulation. Valvular locations are predominant; location in left atrium is rare. In this paper, we present a case of papillary fibroelastoma located in left atrium with symptoms of cerebral embolization. Transoesophageal echocardiography diagnosed a mobile mass. The patient was treated with surgical resection without further embolic complication.

[Mitral valve repair for rheumatic valve disease in children in Senegal: a review of 100 cases]. / La plastie mitrale sur valve rhumatismale chez l'enfant au Sénégal: 100 observations.

Mitral valve repair is a better therapeutic alternative than valve replacement for rheumatic valve disease in children. Repair procedures are especially well suited to developing countries where heart prostheses and life-long anti-coagulation therapy are largely unaffordable. The purpose of this study was to evaluate medium-term outcome of mitral valve repair in children in Senegal. A retrospective review was conducted in a cohort of 100 patients who underwent mitral valve repair for rheumatic mitral lesions over the 8-year period from 1999 to 2007. Mean age was 12 +/- 5 years (range, 7 to 17 years). The most common symptom of valve disease was dysypnea (stage IV in 26 cases and stage III in 74). Valve lesions were complex with anterior leaflet prolapse in 62 cases, posterior leaflet restriction in 35, commissural fusion in 30, and fusion of chordaes in 54. Repair procedures consisted of transfer and shortening of chordaes in 73 cases in association with commissurotomy in 22 cases and cleft closure in 17. Ring annuloplasty was performed in 84 patients. Hospital mortality was 2%. Postoperative morbidity was characterized by residual mitral regurgitation in four cases. Mean follow-up was 5 years. No late deaths were observed. Outcome was satisfactory in 84 patients with low-grade mitral regurgitation (grade I-II). Reduction of left ventricle diameter was statistically significant during systole and diastole, i.e., from 29.5 +/- 6.2 mm to 33.1 +/- 5.3 mm (p<0.05) and from 47.1 +/- 8.6 mm to 50.5 +/- 9.4 mm (p<0.05) respectively. Improvement in cardiac function was not significant, i.e., from 63.3 +/- 4.8% to 62 +/- 6.4% (p = 0.99). Mitral valve repair was successful in stabilizing myocardial function and remodeling the left ventricle. Outcome is dependent on careful patient selection and evaluation of lesions. Middle-term outcome is encouraging.

[Klippel-Trenaunay syndrome: a case report]. / Le syndrome de Klippel-Trenaunay: a propos d'un cas.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study is to illustrate a rare vascular malformation and to make a literature review. PATIENT: Klippel-Trenaunay's syndrome is a congenital disorder which characterized by capillary malformation, varicosities and bony or soft tissue hypertrophy. This disease is subject to significant morbidity like bleeding, deep vein thrombosis, embolic complications and in some cases enlargement of limb that may require amputation. Our case study was a young woman of twenty years suffering since birth, from a painful, heaviness and enlarged left lower limb that reached 2.5 cm. The distal hypertrophy at the big toe which the site of a botriomycoma (telengectasic granuloma). The inner side of the thigh was also the site of small port-wine stains and varicose of the great saphenous vein. Vascular Doppler ultrasound, skeletal computed tomography and angio-MRI of the limb indicated a klippel-Trenaunay disease. A surgical abstention was decided. The patient underwent only to resection of the toe's botriomycoma followed by an elastic contention associated with "a heel pad compensation" and an anti platelet therapy to prevent deep vein thrombosis and embolic complications. CONCLUSION: The syndrome of Klippel-Trenaunay is a rare vascular malformation. The basic pathology can not be corrected. The treatment's aims are to control varicose veins, to prevent complications and to preserve aesthetic and functional prognosis of the leg.

[Anesthesia and recovery of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery]. / Anesthesie et reanimation pour chirurgie d'anevrysme de l'aorte abdominale sous renale.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the anaesthetic assumption of responsibility of the surgery of the aneurism of under renal abdominal aorta. It was a retrospective study over two years (April 2005 - April 2007). Seven patients were operated, the mean age was 69,4 years. An operational pre evaluation was carried out among all patients including/understanding an interrogation, a clinical examination and a clinical assessment. All the patients profited from a general anaesthesia with controlled ventilation. Arterial hypertension (5 cases) was the independent factor of risk followed by the nicotinism (2 cases) with a patient at the stage of obstructive chronic broncho-pneumonopathy (BPCO). A patient was allowed in a table of rupture with acute abdominal pain and a cardiovascular collapse. Electrocardioscopic anomalies were noted among three patients with type of: HVD+ HBAG; HVG; HAG. A patient presented a hypertrophy cardiopathy with deterioration of the function of the VG and an important pulmonary arterial hypertension. A tensionnelle fall was found among three patients after induction with the midazolam. The aortic time of clampage varied between 20 and 120 mn with an average of 57, 6 mn. The incidents at the time of the clampage were: a bradycardia, a hypertensive push and a hypotension. No incident was observed at the time of the declampage. The blood losses per operational were estimated on average at 1000 ml and the numbers of transfusion by patient was on average of 4 pockets. The post operative issue was simple among 5 patients. A surgical recovery was necessary in front of a case of thrombosis of prosthesis. An oligoanurie, an acute respiratory insufficiency was found at the patient admitted in a table of rupture. The intermediate duration of stay threw 11 days. The maintenance of a homodynamic stability per and post operational remainder a good strategy to prevent the operational complications post.

Artere sous-claviere droite aberrante. Considerations anatomo-cliniques

Introduction : L'artere sous-claviere droite aberrante est une variation anatomique rare de l'origine de l'artere sous-claviere droite qui nait au-dessous de l'artere sous-claviere gauche. Souvent latente; elle peut se reveler par une dysphagie dite dysphagia lusoria.Observations : Les auteurs rapportent trois observations d'artere sous-claviere droite aberrante (arteria lusoria) decouvertes chez des enfants de facon fortuite. Deux cas etaient reveles par la tomodensitometrie respectivement lors du bilan d'une coarctation de l'aorte et d'une pleuresie enkystee et un troisieme de decouverte peroperatoire au moment de la cure palliative d'une tetralogie de Fallot. Dans tous les cas; aucun geste n'etait realise sur la variation anatomique qui etait asymptomatique. Avec l'apport de l'angiographie numerisee; l'anomalie vasculaire doit etre systematiquement recherchee lors du bilan des malformations cardiovasculaires et viscerales chez l'enfant afin de prevenir ses complications et les surprises operatoires. L'indication chirurgicale est reservee a la dysphagie rebelle au traitement medical et aux formes compliquees. A l'occasion de ces observations; les auteurs font une revue de la litterature permettant de proceder a une mise au point de cette affection au plan anatomique; diagnostique et therapeutique

La plastie mitrale sur valve rhumatismale chez l'enfant au Senegal : 100 observations

La chirurgie mitrale reconstructrice est une alternative de choix au remplacement valvulaire chez l'enfant. Cette chirurgie est adaptee aux pays en voie de developpement ou le cout des protheses cardiaques associees ou non a l'anti coagulation a vie est exorbitant. Le but de cette etude est d'evaluer les resultats a court et amoyen terme de la plastiemitrale chez l'enfant au Senegal. Il s'agit d'une etude retrospective sur 8 ans (1999-2007); concernant 100 patients porteurs d'atteintes valvulaires rhumatismales. L'age moyen etait de 12 +/- 5 ans (7-17 ans). La symptomatologie etait dominee par la dyspnee. Les lesions valvulaires etaient complexes; la fonction myocardique des patients etait conservee et le ventricule gauche dilate. Des gestes (transfert et raccourcissement) etaient effectues sur les cordages (73) completes par des commissurotomies (22) et des fermetures de fentes (17).Une annuloplastie etait realisee chez 84 malades. La mortalite hospitaliere etait de 2. La morbidite post operatoire etait caracterisee par 4 plasties fuyantes. Pour un suivi moyen de 5 ans; il n'y avait pas de mortalite tardive. Les resultats etaient satisfaisants avec 84 patients presentant des fuitesminimes oumoderees. La reduction du diametre du ventricule gauche etait statistiquement significative en systole (29;5+/-6;2 mm vs 33;1+/- 5;3 mm; p 0;05) et en diastole (47;1+/-8;6 mm vs 50;5+/-9;4 mm; p 0;05).Ainsi; la plastie mitrale permet une stabilisation de la fonction myocardique et un remodelage significatif du ventricule gauche; au prix d'une faible morbi mortalite post operatoire. Une analyse lesionnelle precise est determinante. Les resultats a moyen terme sont encourageants

[Right iliac artery aneurism revealed by a left leg ulcer]. / Anévrysme de l'artère iliaque droite révélé par un ulcère de la jambe gauche.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to expose a secondary cause of venous insufficiency which surgical treatment. OBSERVATION: A 73 old man with a huge aneurism of the right common iliac artery which compressed the left common iliac vein was described. The patient had a unilateral left leg oedema and stasing ulcer. Examinations revealed an abdominal pulsate mass. Echography and T scan showed a right common iliac artery aneurysm and compression of the left iliac vein. Surgery was resected aneurism and replaced vascular prosthesis. After surgery, the unilateral left leg oedema was rapidly regressed and complete stasing ulcer healing. CONCLUSION: This case report showed difficult diagnosis and treatment of vascular disease in under development countries.

[Traumatic manubriosternal joint dislocation in adult: about two surgical cases]. / Luxation manubriosternale traumatique chez l'adulte: apropos de deux cas operes.

Traumatic manubriosternal joint dislocations are rare in adult and occur readily during a violent traumatism of the chest and/or the dorsal spine. We report two cases treated between September 1997 and August 2002 at the Surgical Emergency Department of Le Dantec Hospital. The first observation was related to a 26 year old lady. On September 27, 1997, she fell down from a tree and received all the weight of the body on her two arms. She was referred because of anterior chest pains, increasing with respiration associated with injuries of the 2 wrists. On conventional X-ray, a type II manubriosternal joint dislocation (anterior dislocation of the sternal body with respect to the manubrium) was diagnosed. The mechanism of the dislocation was indirect: flexion-compression of the sternum caused by a hyperflexion of the dorsal spine when the patient touched the ground. There was also a Pouteaux-Colles fracture of the 2 wrists. The dislocation was surgically treated: open reduction followed by manubriosternal stabilization using wires. The 2 wrists were treated by Kapandji procedure. At the 21st postoperative day, a traumatic rupture of the wires required a 2nd internal fixation of the sternum by wires. After 9 years, the patient is without complaint and the chest X-ray is normal. The second observation was that of a 19 year old young woman, referred on August 15, 2002 after a frontal crash with a car while crossing the road. She fell down on her back. She was complaining from severe posterior headaches with a normal Glasgow Scale (15), anterior chest and right hand pains. Radiological examinations showed a fracture of the occipital bone without embarrure and a type I manubriosternal joint dislocation (posterior displacement of the sternal body in relation to the manubrium) which mechanism was direct: direct shock against the sternum. There were also an isolated fracture of 4 right sided ribs and a fracture without displacement of the 3 last bones of the right metacarpus. An orthopaedic treatment was carried out for the lesions of the right hand and an abstention-monitoring suggested for the occipital fracture. The manubriosternal joint dislocation was surgically reduced and stabilized by using a braided polyester thread number 2. After 4 years, the patient is asymptomatic and the manobriosternal joint is stable. We emphasize on the scarcity and the mechanism of traumatic manubriosternal joint dislocations in adult, the frequency of associated injuries and the absence of consensus about their treatment.

[Giant compressive mediastinal lipoma: a case report]. / Lipome géant compressif du médiastin: a propos d'un cas.

Mediastinal lipoma is a rare mesenchymatous fatty tumor in child. Usually asymptomatic, it can cause asphyxiation. The authors report the case of an 18 month-baby-girl referred to us by the pediatric department for asphyxiation. The chest X ray was evocative of a mediastinal tumor. A sudden cardiorespiratory failure leads us to perform thoracotomy. A fatty tumor was found compressing the heart and the left lung. It was easily extirpated. The postoperative recovery was uneventful. Light microscopy showed a lipoma. This compressive form shows the severity of the mediastinal lipoma when it reaches a large size. The literature on this rare pathology is reviewed.