Technique traditionnelle de sevrage dans la zone de sante de Basankusu

Des encadreurs de sante et de developpement ont ete utilises comme informateurs cles pour decrire la technique traditionnelle de sevrage dans la zone de sante rurale de Basankusu. Les donnees qualitatives obtenues ont ete discutees en seance pleniere devant les encadreurs de la zone de sante de Bolomba; voisine de Basankusu. La conduite du sevrage dans ce milieu rural est satisfaisant a bien d'egards. L'allaitement au sein exclusif se pratique jusqu'a 5 mois. Le sevrage est progressif et s'etend au dela de 18 mois. La chikwangue; aliment de sevrage de base est premastique par la mere avant la consommation par l'enfant. Il faut neanmoins deplorer la faible utilisation des cereales combinees aux legumineuses; aliment pourtant cultive dans la region pour le sevrage. Cette defaillance pourrait donc constituer une matiere pour l'education nutritionnelle

J-shaped relationship between mortality and admission blood pressure in black patients with acute stroke.

AIM: The charts of 388 patients admitted for a recent stroke at the University of Kinshasa Hospital, Department of Medicine, were analysed to assess the case fatality rate and its determinants. RESULTS: During the hospitalization period (average 31 days), 169 deaths (44%) were recorded. Mortality was higher (P<0.05) in women (54%) than in men (42%), in haemorrhagic (61%) than in ischaemic (26%) strokes, and in patients with depressed consciousness, motor deficits, tachycardia or atrial fibrillation on admission. Mortality increased with advancing age, the depth of coma, the severity of motor deficit and the plasma glucose level on admission. Plasma glucose, urea and the leucocyte count were higher in patients who died than in survivors. Patients with and without a history of hypertension, diabetes or stroke recurrence had similar mortality rates. The latter tended to be higher in smokers and alcohol consumers. Using logistic regression analysis, depressed consciousness (P<0.001), tachycardia (P<0.001), plasma urea on admission (P<0.05) and a history of alcohol consumption (P<0.05) emerged as significant predictors of mortality. Admission systolic/diastolic blood pressure was similar in those who died (177 +/- 41/104 +/- 26 mmHg) and in survivors (171 +/- 41/101 +/- 23 mmHg). However, in the whole study population and in subgroups of patients who were comatose or conscious on admission, mortality showed a J-shaped relationship to admission systolic blood pressure with low rates in the range 160-199 mmHg before and after adjustment for age and sex, higher rates being observed for higher or lower blood pressure ranges. CONCLUSIONS: Depressed consciousness, ECG abnormalities, delayed admission and elevated plasma urea predict a high case fatality rate whereas systolic blood pressure within the range 160-199 mmHg appears to be optimal for survival in the patient group studied.

[Initial arterial pressure and prognosis of cerebrovascular accidents]. / Pression artérielle initiale et pronostic de l'accident vasculaire cérébral.

The present study analysed the charts of the patients admitted for acute stroke and assessed the relation between stroke mortality and initial blood pressure. Of the 388 patients admitted, 169 (44%) died. Mortality increased with advancing age and was higher in women, in hemorrhagic stroke (61%), and in patients with severe neurological deficit on admission. Average blood pressure on admission did not differ between the patients who died and those who survived. However, mortality was 42, 32, 57 and 62% in patients whose admission systolic blood pressure was, respectively, less than 160 mmHg, 160 to 199 mmHg, 200 to 249 mmHg and 250 mmHg or more. It described a similar curve when four categories of admission diastolic blood pressure were constituted. The data indicate a high case fatality rate in stroke patients. Mortality was higher in women; it increased with age and severe neurological deficit. The relation of stroke mortality to admission blood pressure suggests that it is not the lowest in patients with the lowest blood pressure, but in those with blood pressure level allowing the best brain perfusion after the onset of stroke.

The impact of oedema on anthropometric measurements in nutritional surveys: a case study from Zaire.

Six surveys for protein-energy malnutrition were carried out in sequence in Bas-Zaire beginning at the end of 1978 at the estimated height of the famine and continuing throughout the recovery period. Utilizing a stratified multi-stage sampling technique, over 1000 children aged 6 months to 6 years were measured anthropometrically and examined for the presence or absence of bilateral pedal oedema in each survey. The proportions of children who were less than 80% of the reference median weight-for-height and who had oedema decreased, respectively, from 12.8% and 14.4% initially to 2.1% and 1.8% in the final survey. The proportion of oedematous children who were found to be not less than 80% of the reference median weight-for-height was high, varying from 71.7 +/- 7.0% to 94.4 +/- 10.6%. The importance of these findings for the interpretation of anthropometric data from nutritional surveys in developing countries is discussed.