Dos nuevos registros para la flora agrostológica de Perú / Two new records for the agrostological flora of Peru

Resumen Se reporta por primera vez la presencia de Piptochaetium bicolor (Vahl) É. Desv. y Trichachne californica var. villosissima (Henrard) Wipff & Shaw para Perú, basada en colecciones realizadas en el ecosistema de formación de lomas costeras del departamento de Arequipa. Se presentan descripciones, fotografías, ilustraciones y una clave taxonómica para cada taxón.

Abstract The presence of Piptochaetium bicolor (Vahl) É. Desv. and Trichachne californica var. villosissima (Henrard) Wipff & Shaw are recorded for the first time from Peru, based upon collections made in the coastal lomas formations ecosystem of the department of Arequipa. Descriptions, photographs, illustrations and a taxonomic key are presented for each taxon.

Synopsis of Plazia Ruiz & Pav. (Onoserideae, Asteraceae), including a new species from northern Peru.

A synopsis of Plazia Ruiz & Pav. (Onoserideae, Asteraceae) is presented, including the description of a new species, Plazia robinsonii M.O.Dillon & Sagást., from a locality c. 20 kms west of Huamachuco, Department of La Libertad in northern Peru. It most closely resembles Plazia conferta Ruiz & Pav., a narrow endemic from central Peru some 450 km to the south; however, the latter species has larger leaves and smaller capitula. Plazia is a small genus of four species confined to the Andean Cordillera of Peru, Bolivia, Chile, and Argentina. A distribution map of the four species, an illustration of the new species, a photograph of the holotype, and a key to species are provided.

ResumenSe presenta una sinopsis del género Plazia Ruiz & Pav. (Onoserideae, Asteraceae), incluyendo la descripción de una nueva specie, Plazia robinsonii M.O.Dillon & Sagást., proveniente de una localidad c. 20 km al oeste de Huamachuco, Departamento de La Libertad, norte de Perú. Esta especie es similar a Plazia conferta Ruiz & Pav., un endemismo del centro de Perú, unos 450 km hacia el sur; sin emabrgo, esta última especie tiene hojas más grandes y capítulos más pequeños. Plazia es un género compuesto por cuatro especies restringidas a la Cordillera de los Andes de Perú, Bolivia, Chile y Argentina. Se inlcuye un mapa de distribución de las cuatro especies, una ilustración de la nueva especie, una fotografía del holotipo y una clave para las especies.

Dispersals of Hyoscyameae and Mandragoreae (Solanaceae) from the New World to Eurasia in the early Miocene and their biogeographic diversification within Eurasia.

The cosmopolitan Solanaceae contains 21 tribes and has the greatest diversity in South America. Hyoscyameae and Mandragoreae are the only tribes of this family distributed exclusively in Eurasia with two centers of diversity: the Mediterranean-Turanian (MT) region and the Tibetan Plateau (TP). In this study, we examined the origins and biogeographical diversifications of the two tribes based on the phylogenetic framework and chronogram inferred from a combined data set of six plastid DNA regions (the atpB gene, the ndhF gene, the rps16-trnK intergenic spacer, the rbcL gene, the trnC-psbM region and the psbA-trnH intergenic spacer) with two fossil calibration points. Our data suggest that Hyoscyameae and Mandragoreae each forms a monophyletic group independently derived from different New World lineages in the early Miocene. Phylogenetic relationships within both tribes are generally well resolved. All genera of Hyoscyameae are found to be monophyletic and they diversified in middle to late Miocene. At nearly the same time, Mandragoreae split into two clades, corresponding to the MT region and the TP region, respectively. Both the phylogenetic relationships and the estimated ages of Hyoscyameae and Mandragoreae support two independent dispersal events of their ancestors from the New World into Eurasia. After their arrivals in Eurasia, the two tribes diversified primarily in the MT region and in the TP region via multiple biogeographic processes including vicariance, dispersal, recolonization or being preserved as relicts, from the mid Miocene to the late Quaternary.

Phylogeny of Nolana (Solanaceae) of the Atacama and Peruvian deserts inferred from sequences of four plastid markers and the nuclear LEAFY second intron.

The phylogeny of Nolana (Solanaceae), a genus primarily distributed in the coastal Atacama and Peruvian deserts with a few species in the Andes and one species endemic to the Galápagos Islands, was reconstructed using sequences of four plastid regions (ndhF, psbA-trnH, rps16-trnK and trnC-psbM) and the nuclear LEAFY second intron. The monophyly of Nolana was strongly supported by all molecular data. The LEAFY data suggested that the Chilean species, including Nolana sessiliflora, the N. acuminata group and at least some members of the Alona group, are basally diverged, supporting the Chilean origin of the genus. Three well-supported clades in the LEAFY tree were corroborated by the SINE (short interspersed elements) or SINE-like insertions. Taxa from Peru are grouped roughly into two clades. Nolana galapagensis from the Galápagos Island is most likely to have derived from a Peruvian ancestor. The monophyly of the morphologically well-diagnosed Nolana acuminata group (N. acuminata, N. baccata, N. paradoxa, N. parviflora, N. pterocarpa, N. rupicola and N. elegans) was supported by both plastid and LEAFY data. Incongruence between the plastid and the LEAFY data was detected concerning primarily the positions of N. sessiliflora, N. galapagensis, taxa of the Alona group and the two Peruvian clades. Such incongruence may be due to reticulate evolution or in some cases lineage sorting of plastid DNA. Incongruence between our previous GBSSI trees and the plastid-LEAFY trees was also detected concerning two well-supported major clades in the GBSSI tree. Duplication of the GBSSI gene may have contributed to this incongruence.

Una nueva especie de Puya (Bromeliaceae) del norte de Perú / A new species of Puya (Bromeliaceae) from northern Peru

Mientras colectábamos en remotas regiones al norte del Departamento de Ancash (Perú), descubrimos una nueva especie, Puya tyleriana, la cual describimos e ilustramos en el presente trabajo. Esta especie tiene una apariencia distintiva con inflorescencias paniculadas, abiertas, de más de un metro de longitud. Las flores son sostenidas por brácteas más grandes que los pedicelos, sépalos densamente blanco-lanosos, corolas purpúreas ya anteras ligeramente excertas.

While collecting in remote region of northern Department Ancash (Peru), we discovered a new species, Puya tyleriana, which we here describe and illustrate. This species has a distinctive appearance with open, paniculate inflorescences over a meter in length. The flowers are subtended by only half as long as the pedicels, the sepals are densely white-lanate, and the corollas are deep purple with exserted anthers.