ABSTRACT
Recurrent depression with psychotic features is an atypical presentation of neurosyphilis. This case emphasizes the polymorphic clinical presentation of neurosyphilis and how it mimics affective disorders with psychotic symptoms.
ABSTRACT
We provide a map of wildland urban interface (WUI) areas at national scale in Greece, using as primary data the Corine Land Cover (CLC) 2018 product. The WUI areas distribution in Greece is calculated for all the regional units of the county. The regional units correspond to NUTS (Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics) level 2 for Greece, being important for the national to regional fire risk management and mitigation within the country. Furthermore, spatially explicit information regarding the fire affected areas and the changes in WUI areas between 2006 and 2018 on the basis of the CLC data for each regional unit is also provided. This geospatial information can provide valuable, concurrent information at no-cost to all responsible and competent authorities involved in landscape fire management in Greece and represent a valuable contribution to assist in national and regional scale planning.
ABSTRACT
Climatic change causes gradual deforestation, partly through forest fires. However, fire has not been seen as an oxidative stressor on surviving forest trees. In addition, discrimination of stress-induced responses from acclimation steps cannot be examined under prolonged stress. Thus, four young Brutian pine (Pinus brutia Ten.) trees, a fire-related species, were subjected to a simulation of a crown-fire event to evaluate its impact on the availability of soluble carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) and the redox status near fire-afflicted tissue. Total soluble sugars, amino acids and non-structural (NS) proteins in needles and phloem, the antioxidant ascorbic acid (AsA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) in needles were investigated together with the phloem transport velocity. To examine the temporal progress of these parameters, samples were obtained prior to fire (pre-fire), 2â h after fire, the following day (Day 1) and the following week (Week 1). Findings were categorized into shock reactions (2â h) and acclimation steps. Phloem transport accelerated 2â h postfire by almost 30% and correlated negatively to phloem sugars. At the same time the phloem ratio of sugars/amino acids correlated negatively to needle ROS. The trees' main response at 2â h and particularly on Day 1 was a massive increase in phloem NS proteins. The acclimation process involved also significant increases in needle NS proteins and AsA, as well as significant depletion of phloem amino acids by 65% by Week 1. The highest availability of soluble C and N was recorded on Day 1 in the phloem. Regression models explained significantly the variability of most soluble compounds postfire. Our findings suggest sink control over the source and an advanced role of phloem transport in defense processes.
