Correlation of in vitro fertilization (IVF) infertility treatment outcomes and body weight index in women of reproductive age.

Backgraund: obesity/overweight in women are often the causes of menstrual dysfunction and infertility. AIMS: To identify the association between overweight/obesity and IVF outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: retrospective study - data of 1874 patients undergoing IVF in the Endocrinology Research Centre (2012-2019) was analyzed. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: BMI <18.5 kg/m2, polycystic ovary syndrome, donation of -oocytes, ectopic pregnancy, fertilization with partner's epididymal/testicular sperm. The study included 1583 women aged 21-45 years (median 33.0 y.o. [30.0; 37.0], median BMI 23 kg/m2 [20.7; 26.2]). Statistical data processing was performed using the STATISTICA application package (StatSoft). The threshold level of statistical significance is <0.05. RESULTS: Patients were divided into 5 groups (gr.): normal body weight (NBW) - 1061 people (ppl.) (gr. 1), overweight - 368 (gr. 2), class I obesity - 117 (gr. 3), class II obesity - 36 (gr. 4), class III obesity - 1 (gr. 5). In each group, the estimated pregnancy rate (PR) and its outcomes, the frequency of lightweight newborns (body weight at birth <2500g), newborns with NBW (2500-3999g), births with a large fetus (≥4000g) were measured. The PR didn't differ: 34.6%, 34.5%, 30,7%, 41,7%, respectively, the woman in gr.5 got pregnant. Among 407 (74.4%) singleton pregnancies urgent delivery was registered in 71.91%, 67,57%, 70,83%, 60,0%, gr. 5 - no -information. Premature birth: 7,66%, 5,41%, 8,33%, 0%. Spontaneous abortion in the 1st trimester: 18,30%, 25,68%, 20,83%, 40,0%. Spontaneous abortion in the 2nd trimester: 2,13%, 1,35% in gr. 2, 3, 4. Lightweight newborns: 8,81%, 11,36%, 6,25%, 0%. Newborns with NBW: 84,91%, 84,09%, 75,0%, 60,0%. Large-childbirth - 6,29%, 4,55%, 18,75%, 40,0%. CONCLUSIONS: Correlation analysis of the dependence of PR and its outcomes on the BMI was not revealed (p=0.975 and p=0.469, respectively). Large fetus births were more often detected in obese patients (p=0.0016). A large prospective group is needed to expand the estimated body parameters to the IVF outcomes.

[Leptin and leptin receptor evaluation in atherosclerotic plaques in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus].

BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a significant predictor of atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, and cardiovascular mortality. It is known that atherosclerosis occurs earlier in patients with diabetes, reducing the duration of their life. Leptin as well as other inflammatory markers can contribute to the progression of atherosclerosis in patients with DM, participate in the development of a local inflammatory reaction. AIM: Determine the cells immunophenotype of atherosclerotic plaques in patients with diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed 24 patients (20 men and 4 women), who underwent aortofemoral bypass, femoral-tibial bypass or carotid endarterectomy. During the operation, a fragment of the arterial wall with an atherosclerotic plaque was obtained for further immunohistochemical studies. Five histologic plaque characteristics (CD68+, -SMA, CD34, leptin and leptin receptor) were compared. RESULTS: No difference in the expression of CD68 (p=0.922), -SMA (p=0.192), CD34 (p=0.858), leptin receptor (p=0.741) and leptin (p=0.610) in atherosclerotic plaques were observed between patients with and without DM. The lack of significant differences between the two groups was possibly due to the small number of observations with DM. In particular, when assessing the expression of selected markers in atherosclerotic plaques, patients with DM showed significantly more leptin receptors than patients without DM (2160.716 and 1205.88 respectively); and also significantly less CD68+ (0.39 and 0.98 respectively) and -SMA+ (6.5 and 13.5 respectively). CONCLUSION: Based on the expression of CD68, -SMA, CD34, leptin receptor and leptin, no significant differences were observed in atherosclerotic plaque between patients with and without DM. At the same time, despite the limitations of the study (a small number of patients, moderate severity of DM, elderly patients in the DM group), we found a tendency in the increased number of leptin receptors and a decreased number of -SMA+, CD68+ in DM atherosclerotic plaques. Further study needed, taking into account the limitations of this work.