Carbon dioxide capture from air leading to bis-[N-(5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl-κN2)carbamato-κO]copper(II) tetra-hydrate.

A mononuclear square-planar CuII complex of (5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)carbamate, [Cu(C5H6N3O2)2]·4H2O, was synthesized using a one-pot reaction from 5-methyl-3-pyrazolamine and copper(II) acetate in water under ambient conditions. The adsorption of carbon dioxide from air was facilitated by the addition of di-ethano-lamine to the reaction mixture. While di-ethano-lamine is not a component of the final product, it plays a pivotal role in the reaction by creating an alkaline environment, thereby enabling the adsorption of atmos-pheric carbon dioxide. The central copper(II) atom is in an (N2O2) square-planar coordination environment formed by two N atoms and two O atoms of two equivalent (5-methyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)carbamate ligands. Additionally, there are co-crystallized water mol-ecules within the crystal structure of this compound. These co-crystallized water mol-ecules are linked to the CuII mononuclear complex by O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. According to Hirshfeld surface analysis, the most frequently observed weak inter-molecular inter-actions are H⋯O/O⋯H (33.6%), H⋯C/C⋯H (11.3%) and H⋯N/N⋯H (9.0%) contacts.

Crystal structure of bis-(3-carb-oxy-1-methyl-pyrid-inium) octa-bromide.

The crystal structure of the title salt, bis-(3-carb-oxy-1-methyl-pyridinium) octa-bromide, 2C7H8NO2 +·Br8 2-, consists of 3-carb-oxy-1-methyl-pyridinium (N-methyl-nicotinic acid) cations, which are stacked between relatively rare [Br8]2- anions. The polybromide [Br8]2- anion has point group symmetry and can be described as being composed of two [Br3]- anions connected with a Br2 mol-ecule in a Z-shaped manner. Contacts between neighboring octa-bromide anions ensure the creation of pseudo-polymeric chains propagating along [111]. The organic cations are located between anionic chains and are connected to each other through O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds and to the [Br8]2- anions through π⋯Br inter-actions that induce the creation of a supra-molecular tri-periodic network. In addition, the presence of weak C-H⋯Br contacts leads to the creation of layers, which align parallel to (11).

Principles of Rational COVID-19 Therapy in Pediatrics.

The purpose of this review was to conduct a comparative assessment of the concepts of therapy for pediatric patients with COVID-19 in the framework of global clinical practice. A structural analysis of the range of drugs and treatment strategies in the context of etiotropic, pathogenetic, and symptomatic therapy has shown that in the global context and in real clinical practice, the etiotropic-pathogenetic approach based on information about the effectiveness of individual medical technologies prevails today. It has been established that eight international nonproprietary/grouping names are present in international practice as means of etiotropic therapy for pediatric patients with COVID-19, and 18 positions are used for pathogenetic therapy. In terms of frequency of occurrence, the leading positions are occupied by remdesivir and the combination of nirmatrelvir with ritonavir, as well as dexamethasone and tocilizumab. The paper emphasizes the relevance of research in the field of evaluating the effectiveness of individual treatment regimens as well as the analysis of the delayed consequences of pathology suffered in childhood under the conditions of using various approaches to pharmacotherapy.

A 1-year Clinical and Radiographic Assessment of Regenerative Endodontic Therapy for Necrotic Primary Molars: A Randomized controlled Trial.

Background: Preservation of necrotic primary teeth is important. Pulpectomy is the gold standard treatment in this situation. Reinfection is the main cause of failure in pulpectomy. The application of regenerative endodontic therapy in mature teeth has the rationale of restoring dental-pulp-like tissue and preventing reinfection. Aims and objectives: The current study was designed to clinically and radiographically assess regenerative endodontics therapy in necrotic primary molars in comparison to zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) pulpectomy. Materials and methods: A double-blinded randomized controlled trial with three parallel arms and a 1:1:1 allocation ratio was conducted. A total of 54 necrotic primary molars in 39 healthy children aged 4-7 years old were randomly allocated as follows group I-control group, in which ZOE pulpectomy was performed. Group II and III-experimental groups, in which regenerative endodontic therapy (RET) was performed. Modified triple antibiotic paste (mTAP) and Metapex™ were used as intracanal medicaments in groups II and III, respectively. Clinical and radiographic assessments were recorded at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests were used to compare the qualitative data, while Friedman's test was used to study the changes by time within each group. Results: Nonstatistically significant differences were reported between the three groups at the 6 and 12 months follow-ups regarding the clinical or radiographic assessment (p-value = 0.327 and effect size = 0.22), (p-value = 0.055 and effect size = 0.118), respectively. Conclusion: Regenerative endodontic therapy (RET) yielded comparable results to pulpectomy. However, the use of 5 mg/mL mTAP in RET represented the highest level of clinical as well as radiographic insignificant failure. Clinical significance: Regenerative endodontic therapy (RET) provides an acceptable biological alternative to pulpectomy. Trial registration: The protocol was registered at ClinicalTrial.gov with the registration number (NCT04190914). 12/5/2019. How to cite this article: Abdelmoneim DD, Abdelaziz AM, Allam GG, et al. A 1-year Clinical and Radiographic Assessment of Regenerative Endodontic Therapy for Necrotic Primary Molars: A Randomized controlled Trial. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(2):295-301.

catena-Poly[[tetra-kis-(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-κN 2)copper(II)]-µ2-sulfato-κ2 O:O']: crystal structure and Hirshfeld surface analysis of a CuII coordination polymer.

The title coordination polymer, [Cu(SO4)(C5H8N2)4] n , was synthesized using a one-pot reaction of copper powder, anhydrous copper(II) sulfate and 3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole (Hdmpz) in aceto-nitrile under ambient conditions. The asymmetric unit can be described as a chain consisting of four [Cu(SO4)(Hdmpz)4] formula units that are connected to each other by a µ2-sulfato-bridged ligand. The octa-hedral coordination geometry (O2N4) of all copper atoms is realized by coordination of four pyrazole ligands and two sulfate ligands. Four pyridine-like N atoms of the pyrazole ligands occupy the equatorial positions, while two oxygen atoms of two sulfate ligands are in axial positions. As a result of the sulfate ligand rotation, there is a pairwise alternation of terminal O atoms (which are not involved in coordination to the copper atom) of the SO4 tetra-hedra. The Cu⋯Cu distances within one asymmetric unit are in the range 7.0842 (12)-7.1554 (12) Å. The crystal structure is built up from polymeric chains packed in a parallel manner along the b-axis direction. Hirshfeld surface analysis suggests that the most important contributions to the surface contacts are from H⋯H (74.7%), H⋯O/O⋯H (14.8%) and H⋯C/C⋯H (8.2%) inter-actions.

Diversifying the dermatology workforce: Physician characteristics vary by race/ethnicity.

BACKGROUND: In the United States (US), dermatology remains one of the least diverse specialties in medicine. Increasing the diversity of the dermatology workforce is essential for reducing health disparities. OBJECTIVE: To describe the experiences of racially and ethnically diverse physicians in the US who successfully matched into dermatology. METHODS: Board-certified dermatologists and dermatology residents were recruited to participate in an anonymous, online survey in which self-reported demographic, socioeconomic, pre-residency, and post-residency career data were obtained. RESULTS: Of the 100 participants included in the study, 30% were dermatology residents and 25% belonged to a group underrepresented in medicine (UIM). Black physicians were 3.69 times more likely to select dermatology prior to medical school (odds ratio [OR], 3.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04 - 13.0) compared to non-Black physicians. UIM dermatologists and trainees were more likely to receive a need-based scholarship in medical school (OR, 4.37; 95% CI, 1.30 - 14.7), graduate from a private medical institution (OR, 6.49; 95% CI, 1.95 - 21.6), and have at least one UIM dermatology mentor during medical school (adjusted OR, 13.1; 95% CI, 2.77 - 61.5) compared to non-UIM physicians. CONCLUSIONS: A holistic review of dermatology applicants by residency programs may reduce racial/ethnic disparities in the admission process. Our data provide further evidence in support of pre-medical outreach programs, mentorship, and institutional funding to promote diversity in dermatology.

SARS-CoV-2 infection of the pancreas promotes thrombofibrosis and is associated with new-onset diabetes.

Evidence suggests an association between severe acute respiratory syndrome-cornavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection and the occurrence of new-onset diabetes. We examined pancreatic expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2), the cell entry factors for SARS-CoV-2, using publicly available single-cell RNA sequencing data sets, and pancreatic tissue from control male and female nonhuman primates (NHPs) and humans. We also examined SARS-CoV-2 immunolocalization in pancreatic cells of SARS-CoV-2-infected NHPs and patients who had died from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). We report expression of ACE2 in pancreatic islet, ductal, and endothelial cells in NHPs and humans. In pancreata from SARS-CoV-2-infected NHPs and COVID-19 patients, SARS-CoV-2 infected ductal, endothelial, and islet cells. These pancreata also exhibited generalized fibrosis associated with multiple vascular thrombi. Two out of 8 NHPs developed new-onset diabetes following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Two out of 5 COVID-19 patients exhibited new-onset diabetes at admission. These results suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection of the pancreas may promote acute and especially chronic pancreatic dysfunction that could potentially lead to new-onset diabetes.

Spin crossover in iron(II) Hofmann clathrates analogues with 1,2,3-triazole.

Hofmann-like cyanometallic complexes represent one of the biggest and well-known classes of FeII spin-crossover compounds. In this paper, we report on the first FeII Hofmann clathrate analogues with unsubstituted 1,2,3-triazole, which exhibit temperature induced spin transition. Two new coordination polymers with the general formula [FeII(1,2,3-triazole)2MII(CN)4] (M = Pt, Pd) undergo abrupt hysteretic spin crossover in the range of 190-225 K as revealed by magnetic susceptibility measurements. Two compounds are isostructural and are built of infinite cyanometallic layers which are supported by 1,2,3-triazole ligands. The thermal hysteresis loop is very stable at different scan rates from 0.5 to 10 K min-1. The compounds display strong thermochromic effect, changing their colour from pink in the low-spin state to white in the high-spin state. Our findings show that 1,2,3-triazole is suitable for elaboration of spin-crossover Hofmann clathrate analogues, and its use instead of more classical azines can advantageously expand this family of complexes.

Crystal structure of bis-{µ-2-[bis-(2-hy-droxy-eth-yl)amino]-ethano-lato}bis-(µ-3,5-di-methyl-pyrazolato)tricopper(II) dibromide sesquihydrate.

In the title bicyclic trinuclear pyrazolate amino-alcohol complex, [Cu3(C5H7N2)2(C6H14NO3)2]Br2·1.5H2O, the central Cu atom lies on a center of symmetry and is involved in the formation of two five-membered rings. It has a coordination number of 4, is in a distorted tetra-hedral environment and is connected by the bridging oxygen atoms of the deprotonated OH groups of different amino-alcohol groups, and by the N atoms of deprotonated di-methyl-pyrazole ligands. The peripheral Cu atom is in a trigonal-bipyramidal coordination environment formed by the nitro-gen atom of the deprotonated bridging di-methyl-pyrazole unit, the bridging oxygen atom of the deprotonated OH group, two oxygen atoms of the protonated hy-droxy groups and the nitro-gen atom of tri-ethano-lamine. One of the C atoms and the Br- anion were found to be disordered over two positions with occupancy factors of 0.808 (9):0.192 (9) and 0.922 (3):0.078 (3), respectively.

Crystal structure of catena-poly[[[di-aqua-[1,2-bis(pyridin-4-yl)ethene]{4-[2-(pyridin-4-yl)ethen-yl]pyridinium}gold(I)iron(II)]-di-µ-cyanido] bis-[dicyanido-gold(I)] 1,2-bis-(pyridin-4-yl)ethene dihydrate].

In the title compound [Fe(bpe)(Hbpe)Au(CN)2][Au(CN)2]2·bpe·2H2O} n [where bpe = 1,2-bis-(pyridin-4-yl)ethene, C12H10N2], the FeII ion is coordinated in a distorted octa-hedral [FeN4O2] environment by two di-cyano-aurate anions, two water mol-ecules and two partially protonated 1,2-di(4-pyrid-yl)ethyl-ene mol-ecules. Di-cyano-aurate anions bridge the FeII cations, forming infinite chains, which propagate along the a-axis direction. The chains are connected via aurophilic inter-actions with two non-coordinated di-cyano-aurate anions for each FeII ion. The polymeric chains inter-act with each other via π-π stacking between the guest bpe mol-ecules and multiple hydrogen bonds.

Visualization features of canalis sinuosus with cone beam computed tomography.

INTRODUCTION: One of the key stages of evaluating an edentulous ridge prior to dental implant placement is the analysis of neighboring anatomical structures such as canalis sinuosus (CS) with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). CBCT visualization has its own features, such as the change of slice thickness. The aim of the study was to analyze CS prevalence in relation to the slice thickness and CS diameter according to CBCT scans. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In total, 100 CBCT scans of 39 males and 61 females in the age span of 46 to 81 years were retrospectively studied. Terminal alveolar part of CS was analyzed in Ez3D2009 (Vatech) software on panoramic and cross-sectional views with 0.5 mm, 1 mm, 3 mm, and 10 mm slice thicknesses. The prevalence was documented with regard to the diameter and slice thickness and was statistically compared in age and gender groups. RESULTS: This CBCT study demonstrated 55.5% CS prevalence. There was no statistically significant difference in presence between age and gender groups regarding diameter as well as within different slice thickness. The study also showed the importance of the slice thickness choice for CS visualization: the best visualization was reached with 0.5 mm and 1 mm slice thicknesses. Visualization with 0.5 mm and 1 mm slice thicknesses was absolutely the same (55.5%). General CS prevalence with a 10 mm slice thickness (16.5%) was significantly lower (P < 0.05) than the prevalence with a 3 mm slice thickness (20.5%). The correlation between the slice thickness and a diameter more than 1.5 mm in size was not found. CONCLUSION: CBCT analysis showed that the highest CS prevalence was detected with the use of 0.5/1 mm slice thickness. As well, the higher CS diameter, the better is its visualization.

Crystal structure of poly[[di-aqua-tetra-µ2-cyanido-iron(II)platinum(II)] acetone disolvate].

In the title polymeric complex, {[FePt(CN)4(H2O)2]·2C3H6O} n , the FeII cation has an octa-hedral [FeN4O2] geometry being coordinated by two water mol-ecules and four cyanide anions. The Pt cation is located on an inversion centre and has a square-planar coordination environment formed by four cyanide groups. The tetra-cyano-platinate anions bridge the FeII cations to form infinite two-dimensional layers that propagate in the bc plane. Two guest mol-ecules of acetone per FeII are located between the layers. These guest acetone mol-ecules inter-act with the coordinated water mol-ecules by O-H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

Crystal structure of a low-spin poly[di-µ3-cyanido-di-µ2-cyanido-bis-(µ2-2-ethyl-pyrazine)-dicopper(I)iron(II)].

In the title metal-organic framework, [Fe(C6H8N2)2{Cu(CN)2}2] n , the low-spin FeII ion lies at an inversion centre and displays an elongated octa-hedral [FeN6] coordination environment. The axial positions are occupied by two symmetry-related bridging 2-ethyl-pyrazine ligands, while the equatorial positions are occupied by four N atoms of two pairs of symmetry-related cyanide groups. The CuI centre is coordinated by three cyanide carbon atoms and one N atom of a bridging 2-ethyl-pyrazine mol-ecule, which form a tetra-hedral coordination environment. Two neighbouring Cu atoms have a short Cu⋯Cu contact [2.4662 (7) Å] and their coordination tetra-hedra are connected through a common edge between two C atoms of cyanide groups. Each Cu2(CN)2 unit, formed by two neighbouring Cu atoms bridged by two carbons from a pair of µ-CN groups, is connected to six FeII centres via two bridging 2-ethyl-pyrazine mol-ecules and four cyanide groups, resulting in the formation of a polymeric three-dimensional metal-organic coordination framework.

Thrombopoietin receptor agonist switch in children with persistent and chronic severe immune thrombocytopenia: A retrospective analysis in a large tertiary center.

We retrospectively analyzed sequential therapy with romiplostim and eltrombopag in 23 children with immune thrombocytopenia: switching from romiplostim to eltrombopag (10 patients) or vice versa (13 patients). The median age of patients at enrollment in the study was 5.6 years (2-15 years). Switching from romiplostim to eltrombopag was effective in eight (80%) patients, whereas switching from eltrombopag to romiplostim was effective in eight (62%) patients. The response rate was similar in patients failing the first thrombopoietin receptor agonist and those who had previous response. To date, all responders continue to maintain platelets over 50 × 109 /L at 13-39 months after switching.

Crystal structure of poly[tetra-µ2-cyanido-1:2κ8N:C-bis-(dimethyl sulfoxide-1κO)diargentate(I)iron(II)].

In the title polymeric complex, [Fe{OS(CH3)2}2{Ag(CN)2}2], the FeII cation is located at an inversion centre and is coordinated by four cyanide (CN-) anions and two dimethyl sulfoxide mol-ecules in a slightly compressed N4O2 octa-hedral geometry, the AgI cation is C-coordinated by two CN- anions in a nearly linear geometry. The CN- anions bridge the FeII and AgI cations to form a two-dimensional polymeric structure extending parallel to (102). In the crystal, the nearest Ag⋯Ag distance between polymeric sheets is 3.8122 (12) Å. The crystal studied was a twin with a contribution of 0.2108 (12) for the minor component.

Accuracy of Point-of-care Lung Ultrasonography for Diagnosis of Acute Chest Syndrome in Pediatric Patients with Sickle Cell Disease and Fever.

OBJECTIVES: The objective was to determine the test performance characteristics for point-of-care lung ultrasonography (LUS) performed by pediatric emergency medicine (PEM) physicians compared with radiographic diagnosis of acute chest syndrome (ACS) in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) and fever. METHODS: This was a prospective study of patients up to 21 years with SCD and fever requiring chest X-ray (CXR) evaluation for ACS. Before obtaining CXR, a blinded PEM physician performed LUS using a standardized scanning protocol. Positive LUS for ACS was defined as lung consolidation. All patients received CXR and follow-up. The criterion standard for ACS was consolidation on CXR as determined by a blinded radiologist. LUS clips were reviewed by a blinded expert PEM sonologist. RESULTS: A total of 116 febrile events from 91 patients with a median age of 5.7 years were enrolled by 15 PEM sonologists. CXR was positive for ACS in 15 (13%) patients, and LUS was positive for ACS in 19 (16%) patients. Positive LUS had a sensitivity of 87% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 62% to 96%), specificity of 94% (95% CI = 88% to 97%), positive likelihood ratio of 14.6 (95% CI = 6.5 to 32.5), and negative likelihood ratio of 0.14 (95% CI = 0.04 to 0.52) for ACS. The interobserver agreement (kappa) was 0.77. There were two missed cases of ACS on LUS. CONCLUSIONS: LUS may be sensitive and specific for diagnosis of ACS in pediatric patients with SCD and fever. LUS may reduce the need for routine CXR and associated ionizing radiation exposure in this population.

The role of residue C410 on activation of the human vitamin D receptor by various ligands.

Nuclear receptors (NRs) are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate the expression of genes involved in biologically important processes. The human vitamin D receptor (hVDR) is a member of the NR superfamily and is responsible for maintaining calcium and phosphate homeostasis. This receptor is activated by its natural ligand, 1α, 25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (1α, 25(OH)(2)D(3)), as well as bile acids such as lithocholic acid (LCA). Disruption of molecular interactions between the hVDR and its natural ligand result in adverse diseases, such as rickets, making this receptor a good target for drug discovery. Previous mutational analyses of the hVDR have mainly focused on residues lining the receptor's ligand binding pocket (LBP) and techniques such as alanine scanning mutagenesis and site-directed mutagenesis. In this work, a rationally designed hVDR library using randomized codons at selected positions provides insight into the role of residue C410, particularly on activation of the receptor by various ligands. A variant, C410Y, was engineered to bind LCA with increased sensitivity (EC(50) value of 3 µM and a 34-fold activation) in mammalian cell culture assays. Furthermore, this variant displayed activation with a novel small molecule, cholecalciferol (chole) which does not activate the wild-type receptor, with an EC(50) value of 4 µM and a 25-fold activation. The presence of a bulky residue at this position, such as a tyrosine or phenylalanine, may contribute towards molecular interactions that allow for the enhanced activation with LCA and novel activation with chole. Additional bulk at the same end of the pocket, such as in the case of the variant H305F; C410Y enhances the receptor's sensitivity for these ligands further, perhaps due to the filling of a cavity. The effects of residue C410 on specificity and activation with the different ligands studied were unforeseen, as this residue does not line the hVDR's LBP. Further investigating of the structure-function relationships between the hVDR and its ligands, including the mutational tolerance of residues within as well as outside the LBP, is needed for a comprehensive understanding of the functionality and interactions of the receptor with these ligands and for development of new small molecules as potential therapeutic drugs.

[Recurrences of acute promyelocytic leukemia in children: experience with arsenic trioxide therapy and autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation].

AIM: To analyze the specific features of recurrences of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) in children after standard therapy with daunorubicin, cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C), all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and to develop further programmed treatment policy. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The study included 9 patients with recurrent APL. The recurrences developed significantly more frequently in a very high-risk group (patients with minimal residual disease being preserved after the intensive therapy phase). Induction used arsenic trioxide (ATO) and/or standard chemotherapy + ATRA; ATO monotherapy was in consolidation. CD34+ cells were mobilized until molecular remission was achieved with high-dose Ara-C and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. Pretransplantation conditioning involved melfalan as a basic drug in combination with high-dose AraC (5 pts), treosulfan (1 pt) or bisulfan (1 pt). Six patients received gemtusumab ozogamicin, 3-9 mg/m2, at different stages of therapy. RESULTS: Before therapy one patient died; 8 patients achieved the second molecular remission; CD34+ cell mobilization and sampling were effective in 7 cases. Five patients were in long-term molecular remission after autologous hemopoietic stem cell transplantation (autoHSCT). Follow-up was 23-40 months. One patient is being prepared for transplantation. Following autoHSCT, another patient with a developed repeat recurrence died from complications due to related partially compatible transplantation. Visceral, including cardiological, toxicity of therapy was insignificant. In the APL-2003 protocol, overall and event-free survival rates were 93 +/- 3 and 76 +/- 6%, respectively. CONCLUSION; The application of ATO and autoHSCT in recurrent APL makes it possible to achieve and preserve the second molecular remission in case of insignificant extrahematological toxicity. Russian clinics should have access to ATO.