ABSTRACT
El Parkinson de inicio precoz es una entidad poco estudiada a causa de la baja incidencia y prevalencia.Hemos realizado un estudio retrospectivo transversal multicéntrico para tener una muestra representativa de la población española. Pacientes y métodos. Se incluyeron en el estudio 92 pacientes españoles diagnosticados de enfermedad de Parkinsonidiopática de inicio antes de los 40 años, que se dividieron en dos grupos: grupo 1, con 86 pacientes, con edad de inicio entre 21 y 40 años (Parkinson de inicio precoz), y grupo 2, con edad de inicio inferior a los 21 años, con un total de 6 pacientes (Parkinson juvenil). Analizamos: datos demográficos, antecedentes personales y familiares, edad y síntomas de comienzode la enfermedad, estudios complementarios, farmacoterapia y complicaciones farmacológicas. Resultados. En el grupo 1 encontramos una gran incidencia familiar de Parkinson de inicio precoz. En nuestra serie hubo un claro predominiode pacientes del medio urbano. La forma predominante de inicio fue la acinesia, seguida del temblor de reposo, rigidez y temblor de actitud. Algunos pacientes presentaron, desde el inicio del tratamiento con levodopa, fluctuaciones y discinesias queaumentaron progresivamente a lo largo de los años. Conclusiones. Nuestra serie de pacientes no es totalmente similar con lasdescritas en la literatura; sí es parecida a las encontradas en los países occidentales y tiene validez por el número de casosanalizados y por seleccionar pacientes de varios sitios del territorio español, dando una imagen general sobre este subtipo de enfermedad de Parkinson nacionalmente
Early-onset Parkinsonism is a condition that has received little attention from researchers due to itslow incidence and prevalence. We conducted a retrospective, cross-sectional, multi-centre study in order to obtain a representative sample of the Spanish population. Patients and methods. The study involved 92 Spanish patients who had been diagnosed with idiopathic Parkinson's disease that began before the age of 40 years and these patients were divided into twogroups: group 1, which consisted of 86 patients, with an age at onset of between 21 and 40 years (early-onset Parkinsonism), and group 2, with an age at onset of below 21 years, which included a total of 6 patients (juvenile Parkinsonism). Our analysisinvolved demographic data, patients personal and family history, age and symptoms of onset of the disease, complementary studies, drug therapy and pharmacological complications. Results. In group 1 we found a high incidence of early-onset Parkinsonism in the family. In our series there was a clear predominance of patients from urban settings. The predominant form of onset was akinesia, followed by tremor at rest, rigidity and postural tremor. Since they began treatment with levodopa, some patients presented fluctuations and dyskinesias which progressively increased over the years. Conclusions. Our series of patients is not wholly similar to those reported in the literature; it is comparable, however, to those found in western countries and can be considered to be valid due to the number of cases analysed and owing to the fact that patients were selected from different areas around Spain. This provides an overall picture of this subtype of Parkinson's disease for the country as a whole
