[Radioanatomic study on the role of Hadad-Bassagasteguy flap in skull base reconstruction in endoscopic endonasal approach].

Objective: To evaluate the value of Hadad-Bassagasteguy flap (HBF) in endoscopic endonasal approaches (EEA) skull base reconstruction by radioanatomic measurements on CT of the skull base of Chinese adults. The following data in terms of anterior skull base defect and reconstruction, sphenoid platform area and middle skull base defect and reconstruction including sphenoid platform and sella area, clivus area defect and reconstruction, and HBF were collected and assessed. Methods: CT image data of 42 Chinese adults were selected to obtain radioanatomic measurement data related to HBF, anterior skull base defect and reconstruction, middle skull base defect and reconstruction, and defect and reconstruction of clivus area. SPSS 26.0 software was used to analyze the data. Results: The radioanatomic measurement data about HBF and skull base of 42 Chinese adults were obtained. The width of the leading edge of HBF [(37.49±2.86) mm] was 6 mm more than the anterior skull base width at the level of the anterior ethmoidal artery [(30.87±8.61) mm], and the width of the trailing edge of HBF [(42.61±3.95) mm] was also 6 mm more than the anterior skull base width at the level of the sphenoethmoidal junction [(26.79±2.79) mm]. The total length of HBF including the pedicle [(79.68±4.96) mm] was 6 mm more than the length of the anterior skull base reconstruction [(54.06±8.67) mm], and the length of HBF without pedicle [(46.27±3.14)] mm was 6 mm more than the length of anterior skull base defect [(30.87±8.61) mm]. The trailing edge width was 6 mm more than the planum sphenoidal width at the level of the optic strut [(30.87±8.61) mm]. The total length of HBF including the pedicle was 6 mm more than the length of the planum sphenoidal, and the sella reconstruction [(64.44±10.25) mm], also was 6 mm more than the length of the planum sphenoidal reconstruction [(73.61±8.28) mm]. The length of HBF without pedicle was 6 mm more than the length of the planum sphenoidal, and the sella defect [(27.88±3.74) mm], also was 6 mm more than the length of the planum sphenoidal defect [(15.50±3.38) mm]. The width of the leading edge of HBF and the width of the trailing edge were both 6 mm more than the width of clivus reconstruction at the level of the foramen lacerum [(21.68±2.30) mm]. The total length of HBF including pedicles was 6 mm more than the clivus reconstruction length [(67.09±5.44) mm], while the length of HBF without pedicles was also 6 mm more than the clivus defect length [(37.19±3.80) mm]. Conclusions: In this study, the radiosanatomic measurements ensured that HBF could provide sufficient tissue flap for the reconstruction of the anterior skull base and sphenoid plateau and extend the reconstruction area to sella and clivus. Preoperative radiosanatomic measurement can be used to predict the size of HBF required for skull base reconstruction, which provides important guidance for flap harvest.

Systolic hypertension related single nucleotide polymorphism is associated with susceptibility of ischemic stroke.

OBJECTIVE: Isolated systolic hypertension (ISH) is the most important risk factor for ischemic stroke. Genetic variants influencing hypertension can also be risk factors for ischemic stroke. Here, we examined the how single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with blood pressure impact the risk for ischemic stroke. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We selected 300 ischemic stroke patients and 300 controls. Then, we genotyped three single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with systolic hypertension in both groups. RESULTS: Logistic regression analysis showed that the rs11099098 genotype was associated with a significantly decreased risk of IS (Dominant model: OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.37-0.82, p = 0.003). Two other SNPs, rs880315 and rs11072518, showed a trend towards association with stroke risk, but did not reach statistical significance. CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests that genetic variants in systolic pressure-related genotypes may contribute to the etiology of ischemic stroke.

[Efficacy comparison of three vascular recanalization in patients with acute vertebrobasilar occlusion].

Objectives: To investigate the therapeutic effects of intravenous thrombolysis, intra-artery thrombolysis, mechanical thrombectomy on patients with acute vertebrobasilar occlusion. Methods: Retrospective analysis of clinical data of patients with acute vertebrobasilar occlusion, admitted to Huai'an First People's Hospital and Bingtuan Qishi Hospital from January 2014 to January 2016, was performed. According to different vascular recanalization, these patients were divided into intravenous thrombolysis group, intra-artery thrombolysis group and mechanical thrombectomy group. Clinical outcomes were compared among the three groups such as recanalization rates( modified thrombolysis in cerebral infarction[mTICI]≥2b), changes of NIHSS scores after 24 hours(scores decreased at least 4 points or complete resolution of symptoms), symptomatic cerebral hemorrhage rate(European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study Ⅱ standard) and modified Rankin scale(mRS) score improvement 3 months after treatment. Results: Among patients from mechanical thrombectomy group, the recanalization rate was 87.5%(28/32), 22 patients(68.8%)got good outcome according to the significant decrease of NIHSS scores, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage occurred in 3 patient (9.4%), the rate of good prognosis(mRS≤2) at 3 months was 50.0% (16/32). In patients from intravenous thrombolysis group, the rate of recanalization was 34.8% (16/46), 12 patients(26.1%)got apparent decrease of NIHSS scores, symptomatic cerebral hemorrhage occurred in 14 patients(30.4%), the rate of good clinical outcome(mRS ≤2) at 3 months was 17.4%(8/46). Among patients from intra-arterial thrombolysis group, the recanalization rate was 53.3%(16/30), 12 patients(40.0%) got good outcome according to the significant decrease in NIHSS score, symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage occurred in 6 patients(20.0%), the rate of good prognosis(mRS≤2) at 3 months was 26.7%(8/30). The rate of complete recanalization and NIHSS score improvement at 24 hours were significantly higher in the mechanical thrombectomy group than the intravenous or intra-arterial thrombolysis group(χ(2)=21.324, P<0.001; χ(2)=14.162, P=0.001). The good outcome(mRS≤2) at 3 months was more frequent in the mechanical thrombectomy group than the intravenous or intra-arterial thrombolysis group (χ(2)=9.799, P=0.007). The differences of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage rate among the three treatment groups were not statistically significant(χ(2)=5.035, P=0.081). Conclusion: As compared with the intravenous or intra-arterial thrombolysis, the mechanical thrombectomy has better efficiency and safety in the treatment of acute vertebrobasilar occlusion.

Two new iridoid glucosides from Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora.

Two new iridoid glucosides with 3,4-dihydrocatalpol skeleton, piscrosides A (1) and B (2) together with nine known iridoid glucosides and three known cucurbitacin glucosides, were isolated from the stems of Picrorhiza scrophulariiflora. Their structures were established by MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and 2D NMR methods (including HSQC, HMBC and NOESY experiments).

[Chemical constituents of Gymnotheca involucrata Pei].

OBJECTIVE: To study the chemical constituents of Gymnotheca involucrata. METHOD: Separating the constituents by means of chromatography and identifying their structures on the basis of NMR spectra and TLC with authentic samples. RESULT: From the methanolic extract of the whole plant of G. involucrata, three compounds were isolated and identified as kaempferol-4',7-dimethyl-3-O-glucoside, daucosterol and stigmasterol. CONCLUSION: All the three compounds were isolated from this genus for the first time.

[Chemical constituents of Loxocalyx urticifolius Hemsl].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the chemical constituents from the whole plant of Loxocalyx urticifolius. METHOD: The chemical constituents were isolated by chromatography and identified by MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and 2D-NMR methods. RESULT: The structures were established as poliothrysoside, beta-sitosterol and stigmasterol, palmitic acid and tyrosine. CONCLUSION: This is the first time for the chemical constituents of L. urticifolius to be reported.

[Chemical constituents from the fruit of Rosa bella Rehd. et Wils].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the chemical constituents from the fruit of Rosa bella and its bioactivity. METHOD: The compounds were isolated from the methanol extract by column chromatography, then identified by 1H, 13C NMR and by comparison with authentic samples. The unorganized hoptoad heart was used for testing the contracting force of cardiac muscle and enzymology for measuring the bloody lipid of serum in rats. RESULT: Seven compounds were isolated and identified as pomolic acid, tiliroside, euscaphic acid, daucosterol, quercetin, oleanolic acid and beta-sitosterol, respectively. In the concentration of 0.4-1.0 mg.ml-1, the methanol extract had obvious cardiotonic effect. While at 400 mg.kg-1, there are no obvious effect to the TC, HDL-ac and TG of serum in rats. CONCLUSION: The isolated compounds may be the active components of this plant.

[Chemical constituents from the root of Rubus chroosepalus].

AIM: To investigate the chemical constituents of Rubus chroosepalus Focke. METHODS: The methanol extracts were suspended in H2O and then extracted with EtOAc. Column chromatography was used for separation and purification, while spectral analysis was used for identification. RESULTS: Seven compounds were isolated and identified as 2 alpha, 3 beta-dihydroxy-urs-12, 19-dien-23, 28-oic acid (I), 2 alpha, 3 beta, 23-trihydroxy-urs-12,18-dien-28-oic acid (IIa), 2 alpha, 3 beta, 23-trihydroxy-urs-12,19-dien-28-oic acid (IIb), 2 alpha, 3 alpha-dihydroxy-urs-12,18-dien-28-oic acid (IIIa), 2 alpha, 3 alpha-dihydroxy-urs-12,19-dien-28-oic acid (IIIb), and the acetonide of IIIa and IIIb (IVa and IVb). CONCLUSION: I was found to be a new pentacyclic triterpenoid acid.

[Chemical constituents of Diuranthera inarticulata].

AIM: To investigate the chemical constituents from the roots of Diuranthera inarticulata Wang et K. Y. Lang. METHODS: The compounds were isolated with silica gel column chromatography and their structures were identified on the basis of spectral data and TLC with authentic samples. RESULTS: From the methanolic extracts of the roots of Diuranthera inarticulata, ten compounds were obtained and nine of them were identified as chloromaloside A (III), diuranthoside A (IV), diuranthoside B (V), diuranthoside F (VI), diuranthoside G (VII), 2 alpha, 3 alpha, 19 alpha-trihydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid (VIII), 3,6,7,3',4'-pentamethoxy flavone (IX), gitogenin (X) and daucosterol (XI). III-VI showed inhibition of growth with the yeast, Candida albicans. III, IV and VI also showed inhibition of growth with fungus, Aspergillus niger, in the test of antibacterial activity. CONCLUSION: All of these compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time. Among them, VI and VII are new steroidal saponins.

[New triterpenoid saponins from Anemone begoniifolia].

AIM: To study the triterpenoid saponins in the whole plants of Anemone begoniifolia Lévl. et Vant. METHODS: Methanol extraction, normal and reversed phase silica gel column chromatography and various spectral analysis were used to isolate and determine the structures of the triterpenoid saponins. RESULTS: Four triterpenoid saponins were idenetified as: 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->3)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (2), 23-O-methyl malonyl hederagenin 28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3) and 3-O-methyl malonyl hederagenin 28-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl (1-->4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4). CONCLUSION: Compunds 2, 3 and 4 are new compounds and named as begoniifolides A, B and C, respectively.

[Studies on chemical constituents of Curcuma aromatica salisb].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effective ingredients of Curcuma aromatica. METHOD: Solvent extraction was used. The constituents were isolated with resin D-101 silica gel column and thin-layer chromatography, and the structures were elucidated by physico-chemical properties and spectral analysis. RESULT: Curdione, neocurdione, curcumol, tetramethylpyrazine and (R)-(+)-1,2-hexadecanediol were isolated from C. aromatica. CONCLUSION: Neocurdione and (R)-(+)-1,2-hexadecanediol were isolated from C. aromatica for the first time, and was isolated from Curcuma and reported for the first time.

[Flavonoids from Shuteria pampaninianna Hand.-Mazz].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the chemical constituents of the herbs of Shuteria pampaninianna. METHOD: Using polyamide columine chromatography and NMR spectra to isolate pure flavonods and determine their structures. RESULT: Two flavonoids have been isolated from whole plant of S. pampaninianna and identified as myricetin(1) and ampelopsin(2) respectively. CONCLUSION: Both 1 and 2 were obtained from this plant for the first time.

Triterpenoid saponins from Berneuxia thebetica.

Four triterpenoid saponins were isolated from Berneuxia thibetica. On the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence, three new saponins, berneuxia saponins A, B and C, were elucidated as 21-tigloylbarringtogenol C-3 beta-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl(1-->3)[bet a- D-glucopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranoside], 28-tigloylbarringtogenol C-3 beta-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D-galactopyranosyl(1-->3)[bet a- D-glucopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D-glucuronopyranoside] and 16 alpha-28-dihydroxyolean-12-en-21-one-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl(1 -->2) -beta-D-galactopyranosyl(1-->3)[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->2)-beta-D- glucuronopyranoside]. The known saponin was desacyl jegosaponin.

[Study on flavonoids in seeds of Hovenia dulcis].

Four flavanoids were isolated from the seed of Hovenia dulcis Thunb. On the basis of physicochemical properties and spectroscopic analysis, their structures were identified as dihydrokaempferol (I), quercetin (II), (+)-3,3',5',5,7-pentahydroflavanone (III) and (+)-dihydromyricetin (IV). Among them, III was a new compound; I and IV were first isolated from genus Hovenis.

[Diterpenoid alkaloids from Aconitum gymnandrum].

Aconitum gymnandrum maxim. (ranunculaceae) is used as an herbal medicine in Tibet area. A new diterpenoid alkaloid, gymnandine (I) along with known alkaloids 14-acetyl-8-O-methyltalatisamine (II), acoforine (III), columbidine (IV), aconitine (V), ranaconitine (VI), talatizidine (VII), isotalatizidine (VIII), gymnanconitine (IX), talatisamine (X), and atisine HCI (XI) have been isolated from this unique species. The structure of I is determined on the basis of spectral evidences and comparison of the 13CNMR spectrum with that of denudatine. II has not been previously reported as a natural product and III-VII were isolated from this plant for the first time.

[A new skeleton bisditerpenoid alkaloid from Aconitum pukeense].

A novel bisditerpenoid alkaloid named pukeensine was isolated from Aconitum pukeense W. T. Wang (Ranunculaceae). Its proposed structure was suggested by spectral evidence. This bisditerpenoid alkaloid skeleton has not been found previously.

Diterpenoid Alkaloids from Aconitum vilmorrianum.

A new diterpenoid alkaloid, vilmorrianone ( 1), has been isolated from ACONITUM VILMORRIANUM Kom. The structure was elucidated by spectral methods and confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. Also four known diterpenoid alkaloids have been isolated and identified.

[Diterpenoid alkaloids from Delphinium kamaonense var. glabrescens].

A new and a known diterpenoid alkaloid have been isolated from the root of Delphinium kamaonense var. glabrescens. The chemical structure of the new alkaloid, named glabredelphine, was established as 2(3)-dehydro-6-demethyl-18-demethoxy-delcosine by IR, MS, 1HNMR and 13CNMR spectral data. The known one was identified as tatsiensine. They were isolated from this plant for the first time.

[Studies on the chemical constituents of Aconitum campylorrhynchum].

Six compounds were isolated from the root of Aconitum campylorrhynchum. One of them is a new alkaloid. It has been elucidated as 8-acetyldolaconine by means of IR,MS, 1H and 13CNMR with DEPT, CH-COSY techniques and on the basis of identification with aconosine by saponification. The other five compounds were identified as dolaconine, aconosine, beta-sitosterol, palmitic acid and p-coumaric acid.

[Chemical studies on Aristolochia mollissima V].

Two new phenanthrene compounds, 9-ethoxyaristololactam and 9-ethoxy-aristolactone, were isolated from the root of Aristolochia mollissima. Their structures were identified by means of spectral analysis.