The prospective associations among time management tendency, negative emotions, and problematic smartphone use in Chinese nursing students: enlightenment from COVID-19.

Purpose: The regularity of epidemic prevention and control measures in China has meant that nursing students have been exposed to more electronic devices, while problematic smartphone use has increased. The purpose of this study is to determine the prospective associations among time management tendency, negative emotions, and problematic smartphone use in nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A longitudinal study was conducted between November 2021 and May 2022. A total of 989 nursing students participated. The convenience sampling method was adopted and the following tools were used: the Adolescence Time Management Disposition Scale, the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales - 21, and the Mobile Phone Addiction Index. Multiple parallel mediation models were used by Mplus. Results: Time management tendency had a significantly negative effect on problematic smartphone use (p < 0.05). Further tests using mediation models showed that stress as a negative emotion mediated the relationship between time management tendency and problematic smartphone use (p < 0.05) over time. Conclusion: Nursing educators need to strengthen the stress resistance and time management ability of nursing students.

Assessing the cognition, attitudes and intentions of volunteers regarding unrelated peripheral blood stem cell donation: The UPBSC-DQ instrument in Chinese.

Objectives: This study aimed to develop and validate the Unrelated Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Donation Questionnaire (UPBSC-DQ) (an instrument in Chinese) to assess the degree of cognition, attitude and intention of enrolled volunteers towards UPBSC donation. Methods: The development process of the UPBSC-DQ was performed in a stepwise approach that included extensive literature retrieval, expert revision, and pretesting with 442 students. We conducted an online cross-sectional survey using the final version of the UPBSC-DQ among 336 participants. The reliability of the questionnaire was assessed by Cronbach's α and corrected item-total correlation (CITC), and the validity was evaluated by a correlation coefficient matrix, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), and t-test. Results: The UPBSC-DQ consists of four domains: basic information, cognitive, attitude, and intention. The Cronbach's α values were 0.88 and 0.86 for the attitude and intention scales, respectively, indicating strong internal consistency and good reliability. Correlation analysis and CFA showed good structure and content validity. Interitem correlations indicated that each item had only a weak correlation with the other scales. Conclusions: The UPBSC-DQ is a reliable and valid assessment questionnaire for individuals' attitudes and intentions towards UPBSC donation. The questionnaire showed good to high reliability, content and construct validity.

Prospective relationships between college adjustment, self-esteem, and mental health status among Chinese undergraduates.

Objective: This three-wave longitudinal study tested the prospective relationships between college adjustment, self-esteem, and mental health status (ie, subjective well-being, anxiety, and depression). Participants: The study recruited 265 Chinese undergraduate students. Methods: Demographic, college adjustment, self-esteem, and mental health status data were collected. Results: College adjustment and self-esteem were moderate in magnitude and maintained a reasonable stability over time. College adjustment and self-esteem at Year 1 and Year 2, and mental health status at Year 3, were significantly correlated with each other. College adjustment at Year 1 and Year 2, and self-esteem at Year 1 significantly predicted mental health status at Year 3. Conclusions: Interventions to improve self-esteem and college adjustment may benefit long-term mental health outcomes.

Do Attitudes, Mental Health Status, and Interpersonal Factors Predict COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy at the Early Phase of the Pandemic? A Longitudinal Study in Chinese College Students.

Purpose: The present study examined whether and how attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine (i.e., safety, efficacy, and price), mental health statuses (i.e., perceived stress and depression), and interpersonal factors (i.e., online social support, perceived social support) would predict COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Patients and methods: The two-wave longitudinal surveys were conducted in December 2019 and 2020 in Chinese medical college students (N = 194). Well- validated measures were used, including the Perceived Stress Scale, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, the Online Social Support Questionnaire, and the Perceived Social Support Scale. Perceived safety, efficacy, price of COVID-19 vaccine, vaccine hesitancy, and actual intake were also measured. Results: Only 2.1% of participants had been vaccinated against COVID-19 in the early stages of the pandemic; 13.4% intended to get vaccinated in the next 3 months, and 66% intended to have it in the next 12 months upon follow-up. Multiple regression analyses revealed that perceived stress (ßm = -0.15, p < 0.05) and depression (ßm = -0.15, p < 0.05) were risk factors for positive attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine; online social support (ORm = 1.41, p < 0.01) and positive attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine (ORm = 1.83, p < 0.01) were protective factors of intention to get vaccinated in future. Conclusion: Findings suggest that intervention efforts should be made to reduce negative attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine among people with poor mental health and enhance online social support to promote COVID-19 vaccination.

The role of illness representations of internet gaming disorder (IGD) in help-seeking intention among undergraduates: A longitudinal study.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The Common-Sense Model asserts that illness representations of a health threat affect coping and behavioral reactions to it. Internet gaming disorder (IGD) is a newly defined mental disorder and leads to various health consequences. Little is known about illness representations of IGD and help-seeking for IGD among young adults who are at particular risk of IGD. OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the roles of illness representations in intention to seek help from professionals and important others (families and friends) for IGD in college students in China. METHODS: A two-wave longitudinal study was conducted with a convenience sample of college students in China (N = 591, 57.9% females, Meanage = 19.10). Descriptive analyses and logistic regression analyses were conducted. RESULTS: Approximately 10% of participants were classified as having probable IGD. However, over 70% endorsed self-diagnosed IGD. Less than 40% perceived resources of help-seeking, and most perceived shame for help-seeking. Less than 40% intended to seek help from professionals, and 26% from family and friends. Significant predictors of intention to seek professional help included probable IGD, perceived resources of help-seeking for IGD, consequence, timeline, and treatment. Significant predictors of intention to seek help from family and friends included probable IGD, self-diagnosed IGD, perceived resources of help-seeking for IGD, shame for help-seeking for IGD, timeline, treatment control, identity, concern, and emotional response. Females were more likely to seek both types of help. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Perceptions of IGD and help-seeking play significant roles in help-seeking intentions. These modifiable factors can be used to guide the development of health promotion and behavioral change programs to promote help-seeking for IGD.

Longitudinal relationships among perceived stress, suicidal ideation and sleep quality in Chinese undergraduates: A cross-lagged model.

BACKGROUND: Sleep quality is an important indicator of quality of life. It is of importance to investigate the risk factors and potential consequences of poor sleep quality, such as perceived stress and suicidal ideation. We therefore investigated the longitudinal and reciprocal relationships among perceived stress, suicidal ideation, and sleep quality. METHODS: A three-wave longitudinal survey was conducted from June 2019 to June 2020 at six-month intervals in undergraduate students (N = 197, 58.9% female) in China. The participants completed self-report questionnaires in classroom settings. RESULTS: While the levels of perceived stress were stable, levels of suicidal ideation and sleep quality fluctuated significantly over time. There were significant reciprocal relationships between perceived stress and suicidal ideation from T1 to T3. In addition, the reciprocal relationships between suicidal ideation and sleep quality from T1 to T2 were also significant. Suicidal ideation at T2 partially mediated the relationship between perceived stress at T1 and sleep quality at T3 (indirect effect: ß=0.06, 95% CI: 0.04 to 0.10, p<0.001), and suicidal ideation at T2 fully mediated the relationship between sleep quality at T1 and perceived stress at T3 (indirect effect: ß=0.48, 95% CI: 0.30, 0.70, p<0.001). LIMITATIONS: The subjects' educational background is single, and the measurement method is self-report measures. CONCLUSIONS: Suicidal ideation may play a significant role in explaining the longitudinal relationships between perceived stress and sleep quality. And suggest the importance of early identification and treatment of suicidal ideation among Chinese undergraduates.

Longitudinal Effects of Stressful Life Events on Problematic Smartphone Use and the Mediating Roles of Mental Health Problems in Chinese Undergraduate Students.

Background and Aims: This three-wave longitudinal study investigated the effects of stressful life events on problematic smartphone use and the mediating roles of mental health problems (i.e., depressive symptoms, poor sleep quality, and suicidal ideation) in Chinese undergraduate students. Methods: A total of 197 undergraduate students completed the three-wave surveys. Their severity of stressful life events, mental health problems, and problematic smartphone use were assessed. Results: Regression analyses revealed that stressful life events at T1 was significantly associated with problematic smartphone use at T3. Mediation analyses showed that mental health problems (i.e., depressive symptoms, poor sleep quality, and suicidal ideation) at T2 fully mediated the association between stressful life events at T1 and problematic smartphone use at T3 (B = 0.042, 0.034, and 0.022, respectively). Conclusions: The present study revealed that stressful life events and mental health problems (i.e., depressive symptoms, poor sleep quality, and suicidal ideation) are predictors of problematic smartphone use in Chinese college students.

Relationship Between Illness Representations and Symptoms of Internet Gaming Disorder Among Young People: Cross-Lagged Model.

BACKGROUND: The common-sense model of illness suggests that mental representations of health threats may affect one's behavioral reactions to them and health status. Internet gaming disorder is a newly defined mental disorder. Illness representations of internet gaming disorder may affect one's risk of internet gaming disorder. In turn, symptoms of internet gaming disorder may affect one's perceptions of the disorder. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to investigate the relationships between illness representations and symptoms of internet gaming disorder in college students. METHODS: A 1-year longitudinal study was conducted with a convenience sample of Chinese college students (n=591; 342/591, 57.9% female). RESULTS: Of the participants, 10.1% (60/591) and 9.1% (54/591) were classified as having probable internet gaming disorder at baseline (T1) and follow-up (T2), respectively. The correlations between some dimensions of illness representations regarding internet gaming disorder (ie, consequence, timeline, personal control, treatment control, and concern) at T1 and symptoms of internet gaming disorder at T2 and between symptoms of internet gaming disorder at T1 and the dimensions of illness representations at T2 (ie, consequence, timeline, personal control, and emotional response) were statistically significant. The cross-lagged model fit the data well ((χ2/df=2.28, comparative fit index=.95, root mean square error of approximation=.06) and showed that internet gaming disorder at T1 was positively associated with unfavorable illness representations at T2. CONCLUSIONS: Individuals with more severe symptoms of internet gaming disorder had more pessimistic perceptions about the disorder. Such cognitive perceptions may affect one's emotional and behavioral reactions towards the disorder (eg, greater levels of depression and low self-control intention) and should be modified by educational programs and psychological interventions.

Effects of Online Social Support and Perceived Social Support on the Relationship Between Perceived Stress and Problematic Smartphone Usage Among Chinese Undergraduates.

PURPOSE: Recent research has identified a relationship between perceived stress and problematic smartphone usage. However, little is known about the underlying mediating and moderating mechanisms. The present study aimed to test the relationship between perceived stress and problematic smartphone usage as well as the mediating role of online social support and the moderating role of perceived social support among Chinese undergraduates. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A sample of 1123 college students participated in the study. The Perceived Stress Scale, Mobile Phone Addiction Index Scale, Online Social Support Questionnaire, and Perceived Social Support Scale were used. RESULTS: Perceived stress was significantly and positively associated with problematic smartphone usage, and online social support partially mediated the relationship between perceived stress and problematic smartphone usage. Moderated mediation analysis suggested that perceived social support moderated the association between perceived stress and online social support. This relationship became stronger for college students with lower levels of perceived social support. CONCLUSION: The results of this study can contribute to a better understanding of how perceived stress increases the risk of problematic smartphone usage. The importance of reducing online social support and enhancing perceived social support in preventing undergraduates' problematic smartphone usage is highlighted. The findings should be taken with caution given the convenience sampling and cross-sectional study design.

Prospective relationships between mobile phone dependence and mental health status among Chinese undergraduate students with college adjustment as a mediator.

BACKGROUND: This 3-year longitudinal study investigated the prospective relationships between mobile phone dependence and mental health status (i.e., subjective well-being, anxiety and depression) and the mediating role of college adjustment among Chinese undergraduate students. METHODS: The study recruited 265 first-year undergraduate students from a university (mean age = 18.95 years, SD = 0.72) in Wenzhou, China. A baseline survey and two follow-up surveys were conducted between November 2013 and December 2015 (the response rate was 76.4%). The validated Mobile Phone Addiction Tendency Scale (MPATS), Chinese College Student Adjustment Scale (CCSAS), Index of Well-being, Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) were used for assessments. RESULTS: The prevalence of anxiety and depression at Year 3 was 7.5% and 9.4%, respectively. Correlation analyses showed that mobile phone dependence at Year 1, college adjustment at Year 2, and mental health status at Year 3 were significantly correlated with each other. Structural equation modeling analyses showed that mobile phone dependence at Year 1 significantly predicted poor mental health status at Year 3. College adjustment at Year 2 significantly mediated the effect of mobile phone dependence at Year 1 on mental health status at Year 3. CONCLUSIONS: Interventions both on reduction of mobile phone dependency and improvement of college adjustment (especially among those with mobile phone dependence) are possible and needed among new college students to prevent their future depression and anxiety. Such interventions should be incorporated into regular education programs in universities.

Joint toxicity of fluoroquinolone and tetracycline antibiotics to zebrafish (Danio rerio) based on biochemical biomarkers and histopathological observation.

Herein, we report on the joint toxicity of four fluoroquinolones and two tetracyclines (ß-diketone antibiotics-DKAs) to zebrafish based on a series of toxicological endpoints and histopathological observations. A positive dose-dependence was observed in DKA-exposure groups with a 72-hpf EC50 of 130.3 mg/L for hatching rate, 120-hpf LC50 of 149.8 mg/L, and 120-hpf EC50 of 135.1 mg/L for malformation rate. When zebrafish at 60 dpf were exposed to a series of DKA concentrations (45, 60 and 90 mg/L) for 7, 14 and 21 days, creatine kinase and AChE activities were significantly induced, and intracellular malondialdehyde increased in all treatments except for the 45 mg/L treatment. The transcription levels of AHRRa from livers were significantly (p < 0.05) up-regulated in all treatments after two months of DKA exposure. CKma expression from skeletal muscle was significantly down-regulated in the 90 mg/L treatment. A remarkable down-regulation of CYP3A65 was observed in the 60 mg/L treatment. DKA exposure resulted in severe tissue damage including mitochondria swelling, reduction of mitochondrial cristae, deepening of mitochondrial cristae bands, and decreasing and even disappearance of the rough endoplasmic reticulum. Total sperm motility was decreased by ca. 30% due to DKA exposure. These results provide important information for toxicity and health risks due to mixed DKA exposure in aquatic environments.