An effective treatment method for shale gas drilling cuttings solidified body.

The exploration and production of shale gas technology provides a way for utilization of clean fuels. However, during the exploration process of shale gas, enormous amount of drilling cutting was generated and had to be solidified and landfilled. So the accumulation of shale gas drilling cutting solidified body (SGDS)causes severe land resource misuse and environmental complications. This study focuses on the utilization of SGDS as a raw material for the production of cement clinker, and the phase composition, microstructure, and environmental performance of the cement clinker was investigated by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrum analysis (EDX), and soaking test, respectively. The results show that the cement clinker obtained mainly constitutes of typical Portland cement mineral (C3S, C2S, C3A, and C4AF). The leaching test indicated that the concentration of heavy metal ions in leachate is within the limits allowed by the state "Technical specification for co-processing of solid wastes in cement kiln" (GB 30760-2014). This study therefore provides a benchmark on environmental effects resulting from drilling cuttings and utilization of resources.

Performance of desulfurization ash for the preparation of grouting fire prevention material.

The accumulation of desulfurization ash from coal-fired power plants can lead to serious waste of land resources and environmental safety problems. This work presents an experimental study on the feasibility of recycling original desulfurization ash as the main raw materials, and a new green grouting material was prepared. The results indicate that a desulfurization ash-based grouting fire prevention material which was prepared according to the following ingredient design (a water-to-solid ratio of 1.0:1 and a hydroxyethyl cellulose content of 0.09% desulfurization ash, 12% quicklime, 0.6% Na2SO4, and 0.05% triethanolamine, 80 °C curing). The slurry's viscosity meets requirements, and its suspension, liquidity, and consolidation strength are better than those of clay under the same conditions. In addition, the grouting material's inhibitor ratio is increased with temperature increase, which means it has good flame retardancy. Environmental performance tests concluded that when desulfurization ash as-recycled admixture is used for the preparation of grouting fire prevention material, from the technique point of view, the environmental safety of them is very good.

[Influence of climate change on the suitable ranges for planting pickled mustard tuber in Chongqing.] / 未来气候变化对重庆榨菜种植适宜区的影响.

Pickled mustard tuber (Brassica juncea var. tumida) belonging to Cruciferae, is a unique economic crop in China. Climate is an important factor affecting the distribution of pickled mustard tuber. Based on species presence data at 279 locations and 22 high-resolution environmental factor layers, we analyzed the potential planting area of pickled mustard tuber in Chongqing by MaxEnt model under the current conditions and the future distributions for the periods 2050s and 2070s under the climate change scenarios of RCP 2.6, RCP 4.5, RCP 6.0 and RCP 8.5 described in the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) of IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). The results showed that MaxEnt model was excellent in predicting its potential plan-ting area. The cumulative contributions of dominant factors reached as high as 81.7%, including precipitation of wettest month, temperature annual range, minimum temperature of coldest month, isothermality, mean diurnal range and average maximum temperature. The threshold of those factors was 173-183 mm, 27.2-28.3 ℃, 1.8-3.8 ℃, 22.5-24 ℃, 6.2-6.8 ℃ and 14.8-18.0 ℃, respectively. Under current condition, the optimum suitable areas of pickled mustard tuber, which amounted to 4.2%, were in the northeast, west and east of Fuling, the east and south of Changshou, the south and southeast of Dianjiang, the northwest and north of Fengdu, the southeast of Zhongxian, and a small part of Wulong and Nanchuan, while the proportion of moderately suitable areas was 6.3%. Under four climate change scenarios, the optimum suitable areas would drop to 2.7%, 3.8%, 3.1%, 3.2% and 3.1%, 3.7%, 3.5%, 2.9% for the periods 2050s and 2070s, respectively, while moderately suitable areas would rise gradually.