ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: This randomized controlled trial aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of an online application based on HAPA theory on oral hygiene promotion in young adults with fixed orthodontic appliances. METHODS: A WeChat mini-program (called "Clean Teeth") based on HAPA theory was designed beforehand to improve oral-health behaviors and oral hygiene, and 44 participants aged 17-29 with fixed orthodontic appliances were recruited. Participants of the experimental group (n = 22) received the "Clean Teeth" mini-program, in addition to care as usual, and the control group (n = 22) only received routine oral health education. Data were collected during three orthodontic check-ups: baseline (T0), 6 weeks of follow-up (T1), and 12 weeks of follow-up (T2). All participants completed questionnaires assessing oral health behaviors and the psychosocial factors of the HAPA model and accepted the clinical examinations involving the dental plaque index and the gingival bleeding index. RESULTS: After a 12-week intervention, the plaque index and gingival bleeding index in the experimental group were significantly lower than that in the control group. The psycho-social parameters of social effects, expected outcomes, and action control were improved significantly after treatment, among which social effects increased significantly only in the experimental group but not in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: The HAPA theory-based mini-program had positive effects on oral-health behavior promotion and oral hygiene among young adults with fixed orthodontic appliances. Trial registration This study was retrospectively registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, with the number CTR2200056731, dated 12/02/2022. http://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx .
Subject(s)
Oral Hygiene , Orthodontic Appliances, Fixed , Dental Plaque Index , Health Promotion , Humans , Oral Health , Orthodontic Appliances , Young AdultABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the physicochemical properties of pure titanium surface grafted with chlorhexidine (CHX) by phenolamine coating, and to evaluate its antibacterial activity and osteoblast-compatibility in vitro. Methods: Control group was obtained by alkali and thermal treatment, and then immersed in the mixture of epigallocatechin-3-gallate/hexamethylene diamine (coating group). Phenolamine coating was deposited on the surface, and then it was immersed in CHX solution to obtain the grafted surface of CHX (grafting group). The surface morphology was observed by scanning electron microscope, the surface element composition was analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and the surface hydrophilicity was measured by water contact angle test. Live/dead bacterial staining, nephelometery, and inhibition zone method were executed to evaluate the antibacterial property. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by MTT assay and cell fluorescence staining. Bacteria-MC3T3-E1 cells co-culture was conducted to evaluate the cell viability on the samples under the circumstance with bacteria. Results: Scanning electron microscope observation results showed that deposits of coating group and grafting group increased successively and gradually covered the porous structure. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results showed the peak of N1s enhanced and the peak of Cl2p appeared in grafting group. Water contact angle test results showed that the hydrophilic angle of three groups increased in turn, and there was significant difference between groups ( P<0.05). Live/dead bacteria staining results showed that the grafting group had the least amount of bacteria adhered to the surface and the proportion of dead bacteria was high. The grafting group had a transparent inhibition zone around it and the absorbance ( A) value did not increase, showing significant difference when compared with control group and coating group ( P<0.05). MTT assay and cell fluorescence staining results showed that the number of adherent cells on the surface of the grafting group was the least, but the adherent cells had good proliferation activity. Bacteria-cell co-culture results showed that there was no bacteria on the surface of grafting group but live cells adhered well. Conclusion: CHX-grafted phenolamine coating has the ability to inhibit bacterial adhesion and proliferation, and effectively protect cell adhesion and proliferation in a bacterial environment.
