CiteSpace knowledge map of gut microbiota research involving traditional Chinese medicine in recent twenty years / 中国中药杂志

We employed bibliometrics to comprehensively study the hotspots and frontiers of gut microbiota research involving traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), aiming to provide new ideas for the subsequent research in this field. The studies of gut microbiota with TCM published from January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2021 were retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and Web of Science(WoS). After data screening and cleaning, CiteSpace 5.8.R3 was used to visualize and analyze the authors, journals, and keywords. A total of 1 119 Chinese articles and 815 English articles were included in the study. The period of 2019-2021 witnessed the surge in the number of articles published in this field, being the peak research period. TAN Zhou-jin and DUAN Jin-ao were the authors publishing the most articles in Chinese and English, respectively. The two authors ranked top in both Chinese and English articles, playing a central role in this research field. The top five Chinese and English journals in this field had a large influence in the international research field. High-frequency keywords and keyword clustering showed that the research hotspots in this field were concentrated in four areas: trial and clinical research on the regulation of gut microbiota in disease treatment by TCM, metabolic transformation of Chinese medicines by gut microbiota, and the effect of TCM added to feed on the gut microbiota and growth performance of animals. The study of gut microbiota structure in patients with different TCM syndromes, as well as that of TCM combined with probiotics/flora transplantation in the treatment of diseases, can provide new ideas for clinical diagnosis and traditional drug treatment of diseases and has great research space and research value in the future.

Pre-Gelatinisation of Rice Flour and Its Effect on the Properties of Gluten Free Rice Bread and Its Batter.

In order to improve the quality of the gluten free rice bread (GFRB), pre-gelatinised rice flour (PGRF) was made and used to partially replace natural rice flour in the production of GFRB. The pre-gelatinisation parameters were optimised and the effects of PGRF on the quality of the GFRB and its batter were studied. The results showed that optimal PGRF was obtained when 50% total water was mixed with 1.0% rice flour and the mixture heated at 80 °C for 2 min. Supplementation with PGRF significantly improved the properties of GFRB by affecting its baking properties, textural properties, colour, and crumb grain features. Effects of PGRF on GFRB were mainly caused by the more closely packed gel structure of rice starch in the bread batter, the higher onset temperature during gelatinisation and the complex effect of PGRF on water-binding capacity in bread batter during the baking process. As the pre-gelatinisation parameters of flours and their effect on gluten-free baked products varied with grain variety, processing properties should be studied before using them, and emphasis should be placed on new techniques such as flour pre-gelatinisation to obtain gluten-free foods with improved quality.

Ginkgo biloba extract ameliorates streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats as measured by non-targeted metabolomics / 药学学报

Metabolomics based on liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to study the initiation and development of diabetes in rats, and the ability of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) to ameliorate this pathology. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced by intra-peritoneal injection of streptozotocin. The rats were randomly divided into a normal control group treated with drug-free solution (NC), a normal control group treated with GBE (N-GBE), a DM group treated with drug-free solution (DM), and a DM group treated with GBE (D-GBE); rats were maintained on this protocol for 9 weeks. Rat plasma was collected from the sixth week to the ninth week and then analyzed with LC-MS. Animal experimentation was approved by the Committee on the Ethics of Animal Experiments of Xuzhou Medical University. Twelve plasma metabolites with continuous differentiation were monitored to indicate dysfunction of metabolic pathways including fatty acid metabolism, phospholipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle activity, bile acid metabolism, and purine metabolism to confirm the occurrence and development of DM. Treatment with GBE partially reversed the changes seen in five metabolites in DM rats, indicating that GBE could prevent the occurrence and development of DM by acting on fatty acid metabolism, phospholipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle.

Effect of Curdlan on the Rheological Properties of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose.

This work focuses on the effect of curdlan (CL) on dynamic viscoelastic property, thermal reversible property, viscosity, and the fluid types of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) at different temperatures. Compared to the blends at 25 °C, the blends had a smaller linear viscoelastic region (LVR), a higher gel strength, and larger storage modulus (G') and loss modulus (G") values at 82 °C. G', G", gel strength, and viscosity increased with the increase of CL. Repeated temperature sweep led to increased G' and G" of HPMC/CL blends. For HC6 and HC8, the gel formation temperature of the repeated temperature sweep was significantly lower than that of the first sweep. The samples at 82 °C, except for the sample with 8% CL, were all yield-shear thinning fluids, and the samples at 40 °C were shear thinning fluids. The creation of HPMC/CL and its rheological research might provide some methodological references for the study of other thermal-thermal gel blends.

Microstructures, physical and sustained antioxidant properties of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose based microporous photophobic films.

Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC)/sodium citrate (SC)/lipid tea polyphenol (LTP) photophobic films with different pore sizes from micron scale to nanometer scale were prepared by regulating the SC content (1-7%). The microstructures, physical and sustained antioxidant properties of these films were studied by using wide angel X-ray diffraction, small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), scanning electron microscope, whiteness meter, ultraviolet spectrophotometer, texture analyzer and peroxide value test. Composite films with higher SC content showed larger pore size and whiteness. With the increasing SC content, crystallinity first increased then decreased. The addition of SC decreased the Ds (surface fractal dimension) value, smoothness of the cross-section structure, tensile strength, elongation and modulus of composite films. HPMC/SC/LTP microporous films possessed control-release property in oil system, reflected by the lowest peroxide value of peanut oil enclosed in film with 3% SC during three weeks, meaning this film showed the best sustained antioxidant property.

Multi-scale structures of cassava and potato starch fractions varying in granule size.

Large-, medium-, and small-sized granules were separated from cassava and potato starches. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, wide angle X-ray diffraction, small angle X-ray scattering, nuclear magnetic resonance and scanning electron microscope were used to investigate the supramolecular structures of cassava and potato starch fractions. The crystallinity of small-sized potato starch (SPS) was lower than that of its counterparts, while crystallinities of all cassava fractions were similar. The contents of lamellar structure of small-sized granules were the smallest, while those of their counterparts were similar. The lamellar repeat distance was similar for the starch fractions. Self-similar structure of SPS showed mass fractal with the lowest compactness, while that of small-sized corn starch showed surface fractal with the largest compactness. The NMR test revealed that SPS had the highest total double helix content, while its counterparts showed similar values. Moreover, a new 13C peak at 64 ppm was observed for SPS.

A new dimeric lignan from Zanthoxylum simulans / 中国中药杂志

To study the chemical constituents from Zanthoxylum simulans and their anti-inflammatory activity. The constituents of Z. simulans were isolated and purified using various column chromatographies. Their chemical structures were elucidated using extensive spectroscopic methods. The compounds were assayed inhibitory activity against NO production in LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Four compounds were obtained from the ethanol extract of Z. simulans and determined to be isozanthpodocarpin B(1), kobusin (2), (+)-fargesin (3), and epieudesmin (4). Compound 1 exhibited NO production inhibitory effect with IC50 value of 14.49 µmol · L(-1). Compound 1 is a new dimeric lignan and may be serve as potential anti-inflammatory agent in the future.

Two New 3, 4-seco-Lanostane Triterpenoids from Stems of Kadsura heteroclita / 中草药·英文版

Objective: To find new triterpenoids from the stems of Kadsura heteroclite. Methods: The constituents were isolated and purified by various column chromatographies. Their structures were elucidated mainly on the basis of 1 D (1H-, 13C-, and DEPT), 2 D (HSQC, HMBC, and ROESY) NMR and mass spectral analysis, also compared with literature data. Results: Four triterpenoids were isolated and identified as 3-ethyl manwuweizate (1), 26-methyl manwuweizate (2), manwuweizic acid (3), and anwuweizonic acid (4). Conclusion: Compounds 1 and 2 are new triterpenoids.