ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: Discuss the effect of rhythmic auditory stimulation with visual stimuli on motor and balance function in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). PATIENTS AND METHODS: One hundred and sixteen patients with PD participated in this study. The control group used a routine drug treatment for eight weeks. The comprehensive treatment group used conventional drug treatment with sound rhythm metronome released as the rhythmical auditory stimulation, in accordance with the ground fixed ribbon rhythmic visual stimulation walking training for eight weeks. After four and eight weeks, the two groups of subjects took the walking parameters test, and used the disease Parkinson score scale to assess the damaged degree of motor function of PD patients. The Berg Balance Scale was used to evaluate the balance function of the PD patients. A six minute walk test was used to evaluate the walking motor function of the patients. RESULTS: The comparison between the groups suggests that after treatment of rhythmic auditory stimulation with visual stimulation group, the step size increased, frequency decreased, pace increased, and PD score scale part II decreased. As well, the PD score scale part III reduced, the six minute walking distance increased, and the Berg Balance Scale score increased significantly. There were significant differences compared with the control group after the treatment (p < 0.01). Comparison of time points suggests that after rhythmic auditory stimulation with visual stimulation group trained for eight weeks, the step size increased, frequency decreased, pace increased, and PD score scale part II were reduced. As well the PD score scale part III reduced, six minute walking distance increased, Berg Balance Scale increased. There were significant differences compared with the parameters of training for four weeks (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Rhythmic auditory stimulation with visual stimulation can improve motor and balance function of patients with PD.
Subject(s)
Acoustic Stimulation , Parkinson Disease/rehabilitation , Periodicity , Postural Balance , Aged , Benserazide/therapeutic use , Benzothiazoles/therapeutic use , Catechols/therapeutic use , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Drug Combinations , Female , Gait , Humans , Levodopa/therapeutic use , Male , Middle Aged , Nitriles/therapeutic use , Parkinson Disease/drug therapy , Parkinson Disease/physiopathology , Piribedil/therapeutic use , Pramipexole , WalkingABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To explore the lesion patterns and stroke mechanism of the acute bilateral cerebellar infarct. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients admitted to Xiangyang Hospital with acute cerebellar infarcts, confirmed by diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), were investigated. Patients were divided into two groups by lesions: unilateral cerebellar infarct (UCI) and bilateral cerebellar infarct (BCI). The demographic features, involved territories and concomitant lesions outside the cerebellum (CLOC). The causes were analyzed. RESULTS: Amongst the 115 patients hospitalized with posterior circulation cerebral infarct due to acute stroke, 56 patients had cerebellar infarct. There were 36 (64.3%) cases of unilateral cerebellar infarct and 20 (35.7%) cases of the BCI. The baseline information shows that stroke history (p = 0.002), fibrinogen (p = 0.036) and admission NIHSS score (M) (p = 0.001) for the BCI group are higher than the unilateral cerebellar infarct group. The incidence rate of cerebellar infarct in a posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) blood supplying territory is the highest by divisions of vascular distribution. Unilateral cerebellar infarct occurs more often (p = 0.006); BCI is more common in PICA+SCA blood supplying territory (p = 0.004). The incidence rate of BCI merged with CLOC is much higher than the unilateral cerebellar infarct (p = 0.002). Merged infratentorial lesions are more common (p = 0.022) than BCI with atherosclerosis (p = 0.041). Offending artery diseases are mainly in the V4 segment of the vertebral artery, and in the severe stenosis or occlusion of V4 and BA junction. CONCLUSIONS: BCI was frequently involved in the PICA + SCA territory. Our results support the fact that embolism resulted from large artery atherosclerosis is the important stroke mechanism in the BCI.
Subject(s)
Cerebellum/pathology , Cerebral Arteries/pathology , Cerebral Infarction/diagnosis , Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Stroke/diagnosis , Aged , Cerebellum/metabolism , Cerebral Arteries/metabolism , Cerebral Infarction/complications , Cerebral Infarction/metabolism , Cerebrovascular Circulation , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Stroke/etiology , Stroke/metabolismABSTRACT
Using a Fe/Cu bimetallic system (Fe/Cu system), the discoloration of both methylene blue in aqueous solution and the colored wastewater from a plant was investigated under the anaerobic condition in batch or continuous reactors. Results show that the Fe/Cu system effectively removed the color with over 88% of color removal efficiency for both methylene blue solution and the wastewater from the plant in batch test. Color removal efficiencies increased rapidly with Fe/Cu dosage and reaction time, respectively, at initial time and slowly to stable values. Optimum pH was neutral range. In addition, in continuous test it also removed the color of the wastewater from the plant with 63% of discoloring efficiency under the condition of 2 h of hydraulic retention time and neutral range of pH (7.0-8.3). High discoloring efficiencies with low chemical oxygen demand removal efficiencies were found in all experiments. The reduction of chromophores in pollutants was the main mechanism of the discoloration in the Fe/Cu system.
