ABSTRACT
The construction and general performance characteristics of ion-selective membrane electrodes sensitive to BF(-)(4) and ClO(-)(4) anions, respectively, are described. All electrodes show near-Nernstian responses in the range 10(-2) -10(-5)M. The selectivity of the electrodes to a number of organic and inorganic anions are reported. The electrodes are useful in the potentiometric determination of a few pharmaceutical preparations. The method is simple, rapid and does not require prior sample pre-treatment.
ABSTRACT
The paper reports on the study of 1457 patients with acute myocardial infarct (Ami) admitted in the word of the cardiac intensive care of the clinic for 10.5 years. The general mortality was of 21.2% and the sudden death (defined as such when appeared suddenly within less than 1 hour from the onset of the acute symptoms, but after 24 hours from the onset of AMI in a patient apparently equilibrated) appeared in 114 patients who were examined postmortem (43.3% of the total of the deaths). The main causes of the SD was rupture of the myocardium (28.8% of the general mortality), primary ventricular fibrillation (22.0%) and thromboembolic phenomena (17.8%). The sudden death by rupture of the myocardium appeared in a first AMI, usually large and was not helped by the anticoagulant treatment or by other therapy. Primary ventricular fibrillation appeared during the first week from the onset and was favoured by the ventricular hyperexcitability and active myocardial ischemia (which were not specific). Xyline (only more than 2 mg/min) and amiodarone gave a good protection. The sudden death by systemic thromboembolization appeared almost only in the antero-lateral myocardial infarcts, 5-8 days after the onset. The appearance of a small flow syndrome "sine materia" with or without association of some recurrent arrhythmias was suggested. Efficient anticoagulation prevented systemic thromboembolization and, to a smaller extent to pulmonary thromboembolization.
Subject(s)
Death, Sudden, Cardiac/epidemiology , Hospital Mortality , Myocardial Infarction/mortality , Cause of Death , Death, Sudden, Cardiac/pathology , Heart Rupture, Post-Infarction/mortality , Heart Rupture, Post-Infarction/pathology , Humans , Myocardial Infarction/complications , Myocardial Infarction/pathology , Pulmonary Embolism/mortality , Pulmonary Embolism/pathology , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Romania/epidemiology , Thromboembolism/mortality , Thromboembolism/pathology , Time Factors , Ventricular Fibrillation/mortality , Ventricular Fibrillation/pathologySubject(s)
Pulmonary Embolism/etiology , Adult , Aged , Arrhythmias, Cardiac/complications , Cardiovascular Diseases/complications , Female , Humans , Hypertension/complications , Male , Middle Aged , Neoplasms/complications , Respiratory Tract Diseases/complications , Surgical Procedures, Operative/adverse effectsSubject(s)
Pulmonary Embolism/diagnosis , Adult , Aged , Angiography , Electrocardiography , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Pulmonary Embolism/diagnostic imaging , Radiography, ThoracicSubject(s)
Heart Atria , Thrombosis/etiology , Aged , Bronchial Neoplasms/complications , Cardiovascular Diseases/complications , Encephalomalacia/complications , Female , Humans , Lung Diseases, Obstructive/complications , Male , Middle Aged , Pulmonary Embolism/complications , Pulmonary Fibrosis/complicationsABSTRACT
Possible correlations between clinical and pathological findings and the results of various paraclinical tests were studied in 17 patients with right atrial thrombosis. Positive correlations existed with supraventricular rhythm disorders, particularly sinus node lesions. The presence of massive pulmonary emboli in all cases is suggestive of the origin of the thrombus being within the atrial cavity. Presumptive signs of right atrial thrombosis are the sudden unexplainable worsening of cardiac insufficiency factors, the appearance of paroxystic disturbances in supraventricular rhythm, and associated signs of pulmonary embolism due to peripheral venous disorders.
