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Biomacromolecules ; 25(6): 3384-3397, 2024 Jun 10.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38739855

ABSTRACT

This work cross-correlated rheological, thermodynamic, and conformational features of several natural polysaccharides to their cryoprotective performance. The basis of cryoprotection of FucoPol, pectin, and agar revealed a causal combination of (i) an emerging sol-gel transition (p = 0.014) at near-hypothermia (4 °C), (ii) noncolligative attenuated supercooling of the kinetic freezing point of water (p = 0.026) supporting ice growth anticipation, and (iii) increased conformational order (p < 0.0001), where helix-/sheet-like features boost cryoprotection. FucoPol, of highest cryoprotective performance, revealed a predominantly helical structure (α/ß = 1.5) capable of forming a gel state at 4 °C and the highest degree of supercooling attenuation (TH = 6.2 °C). Ice growth anticipation with gel-like polysaccharides suggests that the gel matrix neutralizes elastic deformations and lethal cell volumetric fluctuations during freezing, thus preventing the loss of homeostasis and increasing post-thaw viability. Ultimately, structured gels capable of attenuated supercooling enable cryoprotective action at the polymer-cell interface, in addition to polymer-ice interactions. This rationale potentiates implementing alternative, biobased, noncytotoxic polymers in cryobiology.


Subject(s)
Cell Survival , Cryopreservation , Cryoprotective Agents , Polysaccharides , Cryoprotective Agents/chemistry , Cryoprotective Agents/pharmacology , Cryopreservation/methods , Polysaccharides/chemistry , Polysaccharides/pharmacology , Cell Survival/drug effects , Ice , Gels/chemistry , Freezing , Phase Transition , Pectins/chemistry , Pectins/pharmacology
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