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1.
Bull Soc Pathol Exot ; 107(3): 159-64, 2014 Aug.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24842755

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Malarial infection in non immune pregnant women is a major risk factor for pregnancy failure. However in malaria endemic areas, intermittent preventive treatment (IPTp) have been adopted to prevent malaria in pregnancy women since 2003 in Senegal. The impact of IPT on the development of immunity is not very well documented. We conducted a prospective study at the Roi-Baudouin maternity hospital of Guediawaye in Senegal to assess IL10, IL12, TNFα and IFNγ cytokines production in pregnant women under IPTp. Cytokines were analyzed in 82 sera at inclusion and delivery. P. falciparum HRP2 antigen was detected in 17% of women included by rapid diagnostic test (RDT). At inclusion the mean of IL10 response was higher in P. falciparum negative women (8 UA) compare to RDT-positive women (7 UA) p=0.069 while in delivery the opposite was found p=0.014. Low production of inflammatory cytokines IL12, IFNγ and TNFα was noted in both groups. Between inclusion and delivery, a significant increase of IL-10 production was noted while a decrease of IFNγ and TNFα cytokine was noted. Thus, IL12 and IFNγ responses may synergistically associate as malaria immune response during pregnancy.


Subject(s)
Antimalarials/therapeutic use , Cytokines/blood , Malaria, Falciparum/prevention & control , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/prevention & control , Adolescent , Adult , Endemic Diseases , Female , Humans , Longitudinal Studies , Malaria, Falciparum/blood , Malaria, Falciparum/epidemiology , Plasmodium falciparum/immunology , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/blood , Prenatal Care , Senegal/epidemiology , Young Adult
2.
Bull Soc Pathol Exot ; 104(4): 277-83, 2011 Oct.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21818679

ABSTRACT

The impact of intermittent presumptive treatment (IPT) on the immunity of pregnant women in Senegal is still not very well known. We conducted a prospective study at the Roi-Baudouin maternity of Guediawaye in Senegal to assess IgG antibodies production against MSP1, GLURP and DBL5 in pregnant women under IPT. Blood samples were collected from the participating women at inclusion and delivery. Samples were analyzed after centrifugation for the detection of IgG antibodies in sera by Elisa. Informed consent was given by each study participant prior to their inclusion. A total of 101 eligible women aged from 18 to 44 were included in this study. Multigravidae women represented 70.3% of the study population, whereas primigravidae accounted for 29.7%. The IgG level decreased slightly from inclusion to delivery for the women with regard to anti-MSP1 (83.1at inclusion versus 79.5 at delivery, p = 0.52) as well as anti-GLURP-R2 (84.1 at inclusion versus 75.9 at delivery, p = 0.16). After adjustment for number of pregnancies, there was a significant decrease in the production of anti-VAR2CSA between inclusion and delivery (p < 0.05). By reducing the incidence of malaria during pregnancy, IPT reduced the acquisition of placental parasites antibodies suppressors which could delay the development of protective immunity against malaria. The application of IPT in pregnant women would thus be more appropriate in hypoendemic areas where malaria exposure is lower.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Viral/blood , Antigens, Protozoan/immunology , Antimalarials/administration & dosage , Malaria, Falciparum/prevention & control , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/prevention & control , Pyrimethamine/administration & dosage , Sulfadoxine/administration & dosage , Adolescent , Adult , Drug Combinations , Female , Humans , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Malaria, Falciparum/epidemiology , Malaria, Falciparum/immunology , Plasmodium falciparum/immunology , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic/immunology , Prospective Studies , Senegal/epidemiology
3.
Parasit Vectors ; 4: 33, 2011 Mar 08.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21385450

ABSTRACT

Mosquito salivary proteins are involved in several biological processes that facilitate their blood feeding and have also been reported to elicit an IgG response in vertebrates. A growing number of studies have focused on this immunological response for its potential use as a biological marker of exposure to arthropod bites. As mosquito saliva collection is extremely laborious and inefficient, most research groups prefer to work on mosquito salivary glands (SGs). Thus, SG protein integrity is a critical factor in obtaining meaningful data from immunological and biochemical analysis. Current methodologies rely on an immediate freezing of SGs after their collection. However, the maintenance of samples in a frozen environment can be hard to achieve in field conditions. In this study, SG proteins from two mosquito species (Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae s.s.) stored in different media for 5 days at either +4°C or room temperature (RT) were evaluated at the quantitative (i.e., ELISA) and qualitative (i.e., SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting) levels. Our results indicated that PBS medium supplemented with an anti-protease cocktail seems to be the best buffer to preserve SG antigens for 5 days at +4°C for ELISA analysis. Conversely, cell-lysis buffer (Urea-Thiourea-CHAPS-Tris) was best at preventing protein degradation both at +4°C and RT for further qualitative analysis. These convenient storage methods provide an alternative to freezing and are expected to be applicable to other biological samples collected in the field.


Subject(s)
Aedes/chemistry , Anopheles/chemistry , Entomology/methods , Salivary Glands/chemistry , Salivary Proteins and Peptides/isolation & purification , Specimen Handling/methods , Animals , Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay , Female , Immunoblotting , Protein Stability , Salivary Proteins and Peptides/chemistry , Salivary Proteins and Peptides/immunology , Salivary Proteins and Peptides/metabolism
4.
Diabetes Metab ; 35(5): 385-91, 2009 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19665415

ABSTRACT

AIM: Metformin has recently been considered as a possible pharmacological complement to lifestyle measures for preventing type 2 diabetes in high-risk subjects. However, little is known of its effects on metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors in non-diabetic subjects. METHODS: The BIGPRO1 trial was a 1-year multicentre, randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial of metformin versus placebo, carried out in the early 1990s, in 457 upper-body obese non-diabetic subjects with no cardiovascular diseases or contraindications to metformin. We compared the changes (1-year minus baseline) in cardiometabolic risk factors between treatment groups in two subsets of trial subjects: those with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (n=101); and those who fulfilled the inclusion criteria of the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) (n=51). Comparisons were adjusted for age and gender. RESULTS: In the IFG/IGT subset, significant differences in 1-year changes were observed for systolic blood pressure, which decreased markedly more in the metformin group than in the placebo group (P<0.003), and for fasting plasma glucose, and total and LDL cholesterol, which decreased slightly in the metformin group, but increased in the placebo group (P<0.04). Similar results were observed in the subset with DPP criteria. Also, there were no significant differences in 1-year changes for weight, waist-to-hip ratio, 2-h post-load blood glucose, fasting and 2-h post-load insulin, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides and fibrinolytic markers between the two treatment groups. CONCLUSION: In subjects at high risk of developing diabetes, the use of metformin showed beneficial and no untoward effects on cardiometabolic risk factors.


Subject(s)
Cardiovascular Diseases/complications , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/prevention & control , Glucose Intolerance/drug therapy , Hypoglycemic Agents/therapeutic use , Metabolic Syndrome/complications , Metformin/therapeutic use , Obesity, Abdominal/complications , Adult , Aged , Blood Glucose/analysis , Blood Pressure/drug effects , Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology , Cholesterol/blood , Cholesterol, LDL/blood , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy , Double-Blind Method , Female , Glucose Intolerance/complications , Humans , Hypoglycemic Agents/adverse effects , Male , Metabolic Syndrome/epidemiology , Metformin/adverse effects , Middle Aged , Risk Factors
5.
Med Trop (Mars) ; 67(6): 569-72, 2007 Dec.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18300517

ABSTRACT

This retrospective study was carried out from January 2005 to December 2006 to ascertain the profile of patients admitted for treatment of myocardial infarction (MI) in a modern emergency reception facility (ERF) in Sub-Saharan Africa. Diagnosis of MI was based on clinical presentation, electrocardiography (persistent ST-segment depression), and laboratory findings (measurement of troponine T and CPK MB). Study data included epidemiological parameters (including risk factors and interval between onset of symptoms and admission), clinical and paraclinical findings, therapeutic modalities (including any prehospital management), complications at the time of admission, and mortality within the first five days. Men accounted for 77% of the 52 consecutive patients hospitalized for MI during the study period. Mean age was 59 years. Risk factors included hypertension in 46% of cases, tobacco use in 40%, and diabetes in 21%. The mean interval for management was approximately 29 hours with only 5 patients receiving care within the first 6 hours. Chest pain was the main reason for coming to the ERF (86%). The location of pain was anterior in 58% of cases and inferior in 37%. Diagnosis was confirmed by laboratory findings in 96% of patients. Ten patients benefited from transportation by ambulance and four patients underwent thrombolysis before hospitalization. Complications at the time of admissions included cardiovascular collapse (n=3), acute pulmonary edema (n=13), and arrhythmia (n=6). Eleven patients (21%) died within the first five days. These findings confirm the need to educate the population in an effort to reduce the interval for management, to develop prehospital medical care, and to increase the availability of coronary artery revascularization modalities to improve the prognosis of MI in the acute phase.


Subject(s)
Emergency Service, Hospital , Myocardial Infarction/epidemiology , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Chest Pain/etiology , Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Hypertension/epidemiology , Male , Middle Aged , Myocardial Infarction/therapy , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Senegal/epidemiology , Smoking/epidemiology , Thrombolytic Therapy , Time Factors , Transportation of Patients/statistics & numerical data
6.
Médecine Tropicale ; 67(6): 569-572, 2007.
Article in French | AIM (Africa) | ID: biblio-1266794

ABSTRACT

Les auteurs ont realise une etude retrospective de Janvier 2005 a Decembre 2006 sur le profil des patients admis pour infarctus du myocarde (IDM) dans un service d'accueil des urgences (SAU) moderne enAfrique subsaharienne. Le diagnostic d'IDM reposait sur la presentation clinique; l'electrocardiogramme (sus-decalage persistant du segment ST) et les parametres biologiques (mesure de la troponine T et de la CPK MB). Ont ete etudies les parametres epidemiologiques (incluant les facteurs de risque et le delai moyen symptomes-admission); cliniques et paracliniques; therapeutiques (incluant le cas echeant la prise en charge prehospitaliere); les complications a l'admission et la mortalite durant les cinq premiers jours. Sur 52 patients consecutifs hospitalises pour IDM; 77etaient des hommes. L'age moyen etait de 59 ans. Parmi les facteurs de risque; l'hypertension arterielle etait retrouvee dans 46des cas; le tabagisme dans 40des cas et le diabete dans 21des cas. Le delai moyen de consultation etait d'environ 29 heures; et seulement sept patients (19) ont ete vus dans les six premieres heures. La douleur thoracique etait le principal motif de consultation (86). La localisation etait anterieure dans 58des cas; et inferieure dans 37des cas. Une confirmation biologique du diagnostic a ete obtenue chez 96des patients. Dix patients ont beneficie d'un transport par ambulance et quatre patients ont ete traites par thrombolyse a la phase prehospitaliere. A l'admission; des complications a type de collapsus cardio-vasculaire (trois cas); d'oedeme aigu du poumon (13 cas) et de troubles du rythme (six cas) ont ete notees. Onze patients (21) sont decedes dans les cinq premiers jours. Cette etude confirme la necessite de promouvoir l'education sanitaire des populations afin d'essayer de reduire les delais de prise en charge; de developper les structures de medecine prehospitaliere; et plaide pour la diffusion des moyens de revascularisation coronaire pour ameliorer le pronostic de l'IDM a la phase aigue


Subject(s)
Myocardial Infarction , Risk Factors
7.
Med Mal Infect ; 36(2): 115-7, 2006 Feb.
Article in French | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-16458465

ABSTRACT

The authors report a case of emphysematous psoas abscess. The patient, a 55 year-old man, was insulinorequerant diabetic. He presented with abdominal pain and diabetic ketoacidosis. The diagnosis was made by CT-scan. No portal of entry was found. The evolution was fatal before surgery in spite of probabilistic antibiotherapy.


Subject(s)
Emphysema/diagnosis , Psoas Abscess/diagnosis , Retroperitoneal Space , Diabetes Complications/diagnosis , Fatal Outcome , Humans , Male , Middle Aged
9.
Head Neck ; 23(6): 467-74, 2001 Jun.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11360308

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: This study developed and used a new, noninvasive approach to quantify cross-sectional area and tissue composition within the geniohyoid (GH) muscle in normal adults and head and neck cancer patients. METHODS: B-mode ultrasound was used to measure GH cross-sectional area at rest and during four speech gestures and GH tissue composition at rest in normal young adults, patients with SCC head and neck cancer treated with primary radiotherapy, and normal older adults age matched with the patients. RESULTS: Patients exhibited significantly greater GH cross-sectional area than young subjects at rest and in effortful conditions. Significantly greater muscle tissue variability across GH quadrants was observed in patients compared with normal subjects and in older compared with younger subjects. CONCLUSIONS: B-mode ultrasound area analyses and tissue classification techniques can be used to quantify muscle changes, such as those resulting from age, radiotherapy, or rehabilitation for head and neck cancer.


Subject(s)
Head and Neck Neoplasms/pathology , Neck Muscles/anatomy & histology , Neck Muscles/diagnostic imaging , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Analysis of Variance , Anatomy, Cross-Sectional , Case-Control Studies , Head/diagnostic imaging , Head and Neck Neoplasms/radiotherapy , Humans , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Middle Aged , Neck Muscles/radiation effects , Prospective Studies , Reference Values , Ultrasonography
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