Optic nerve sheath diameter and axial length in patients with optic disc drusen: a cross-sectional study.

AIM: Measuring the optic nerve sheath diameter (ONSD) and the anteroposterior axial length of the eye in patients with optic disc drusen (ODD). METHODS: A total of 43 healthy volunteers and 41 patients with ODD were included in the study. The ONSD and axial length were measured in the posterior position using an ultrasound device (E-Z Scan AB5500 +) probe with a 10 MHz frequency. The ONSD was measured 3 mm behind the globe wall. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine patients with ODD using ONSD. Any p-value of < 0.05 was accepted to demonstrate significance. RESULTS: The ONSD was significantly higher (5.2 mm and 4.8 mm, p = 0.006, respectively), and the axial length was shorter (21.82 ± 2.15 mm and 23.27 ± 1.96 mm, p = 0.002, respectively) in the ODD group. The spherical equivalent was more commonly seen as hypermetropic in the ODD group (1.00 [- 0.85 to 1.75]). In the ROC analysis to determine the ONSD value in ODD diagnosis, the area under the curve was 0.6754 (95% confidence interval 0.559-0.788, p = 0.006). ONSD cutoff of 5.70 mm had a sensitivity of 0.366 and a specificity of 0.907 to diagnose ODD. CONCLUSION: In this study, the ONSD was significantly higher in the ODD group. The axial length was shorter in the ODD group. This study is the first in the literature to evaluate the ONSD in patients with optic disc drusen. Further studies are needed in this regard.

Reliability of YouTube Videos in Vitreoretinal Surgery.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: To investigate the reliability and quality of vitreoretinal surgery videos posted on YouTube. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A search was made using the keywords "vitrectomy," "retinal surgery," and "vitreoretinal surgery" on YouTube. Total view counts, numbers of comments, likes and dislikes, publishing dates, and source of videos were recorded. Educational quality and accuracy of the video content were evaluated using the DISCERN score, Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) scoring system, and Global Quality Scores (GQS). RESULTS: There were 208 videos included in the study; 152 (73.1%) videos were uploaded by doctors and 56 (26.9%) videos uploaded by non-doctors. Mean DISCERN, JAMA, and GQS scores were 37.65 ± 10.49 (20-69), 0.82 ± 0.52 (0-4), 2.86 ± 0.86 (1-5), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Vitreoretinal surgery videos on YouTube were of low quality and reliability. Those who want to use YouTube videos as a reference for vitreoretinal surgery should pay extra attention to selection of content. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2021;52:478-483.].

The assessment of structural changes on optic nerve head and macula in primary open angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

AIM: To assess morphological changes in macula, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) and optic nevre head (ONH) of cases with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) and ocular hypertension (OH) with spectral domain optic coherence tomography (OCT). METHODS: This study included 109 eyes from 62 POAG patients, 50 eyes from 30 OH patients, and 101 eyes from 53 healthy volunteers. Data gained by OCT were compared with perimetry indexes. ONH, RNFL and macula analysis were performed for all subjects. Rim area, disc area, average cup/disc (C/D) ratio, vertical C/D ratio, cup volume data were recorded during ONH analysis. Average RNFL thickness and the thickness of four quadrants (superior, inferior, nasal and temporal) was established in microns. In total, nine macular quadrants involving the foveal region mentioned in the Early Treatment Diabetic Treatment Study (ETDRS) template were measured, and average macular thickness and macular volume data were recorded during macula analysis. Differences between groups were evaluated with the one-way ANOVA test. Tukey's multiple comparison test was performed to detect difference between groups. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was done for early stage POAG patients to establish sensitivity and specificity of chosen parameters in early stage POAG. Area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUROC) values were calculated to compare ROC areas. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences were found in all ONH parameters, except optic disc area. Neuroretinal rim area was identified as the parameter with the highest difference between groups (F=21.72, P<0.05). The highest correlation between ONH parameters and perimetry was observed at neuroretinal rim region (r=0.487). Inferior RNFL thickness was established as the parameter with the highest difference between groups among RNFL parameters. In the mean of all glaucoma patients, the highest correlation between data handled with OCT and mean deviation was observed in RNFL thickness. Average macular thickness was detected as the parameter with the highest difference between groups among macular parameters. The highest correlation between macula parameters and perimetry indexes was observed between average macular thickness and perimetry indexes (r=0.514). CONCLUSION: Although the assessment of ONH and the analysis of macular thickness are important in diagnosis and treatment, RNFL assessment is the most valuable parameter.