An Experimental Study on Esthetic Preference and Satisfaction of Lip Position with Various Facial Divergences among the South Indian Population.

Aim: The aim of this study was to establish the most and least pleasing lip position and to evaluate esthetic preference in profile view among the South Indian population with diverse facial divergence. Materials and Methods: Photographs of 12 participants with an average lip position were taken, and original lip position (Image C) was altered by ± 2 mm and ± 4 mm from the original position of upper and lower lips using Adobe Photoshop 7.0 version. Image A and Image B comprised photographs with retrusive lips of 4 mm and 2 mm, respectively, and Image D and Image E comprised photographs with protrusive lips of 2 mm and 4 mm, respectively. The altered photographs were evaluated for pleasing lip positions by 300 examiners which comprised 102 orthodontists, 107 general dentists, and 91 laypersons. Results: A questionnaire was conducted through Google Forms, and the examiners favored Image C with an average lip position as the most desired lip position, whereas Image E with 4-mm lip protrusion and Image A with 4-mm lip retrusion were the least desired irrespective of gender or facial divergence. Conclusion: Importance to establish appropriate soft-tissue esthetics is the primary concern of an orthodontic treatment.

Assessing the Validity and Reliability of Tooth Widths and Bolton Ratios Obtained from Digital Models and Plaster Models.

Aim: The aim of the study is to compare and evaluate the validity and reliability of tooth widths and Bolton ratios measured from digital models obtained from intraoral scanners and plaster models derived from alginate and polyvinyl siloxane impression materials. Materials and Methods: Alginate and polyvinylsiloxane impression was taken for 40 subjects, orthokal stone was poured and grouped as Group I and Group II, respectively. Intraoral scanning was done using Trios Pod 3shape for the same patients, digital models were obtained and grouped as Group III. OrthoAnalyzer software was used for obtaining measurements in digital models and Aerospace Vernier calipers in plaster models. The validity and reliability of the three groups were quantified and compared. Results: Validity measurements showed significant differences between tooth widths and Bolton ratios obtained from digital models and plaster models indicating higher accuracy for plaster models whereas reliability coefficients were excellent for digital models indicating better reproducibility of values. Conclusion: The study shows significant differences in accuracy on measuring with vernier calipers and Orthoanalyzer software showing plaster models are still better than digital models for measuring tooth widths and bolton ratios.

Computation and Collation of Torque Expression in 0.018 Inch and 0.022 Inch Preadjusted Bracket Slots on Passive Insertion of Full-Size Archwire: A Finite Element Study.

Aim: To quantify and compare the prescribed torque expressed in preadjusted edgewise 0.018-inch and 0.022-inch bracket slot on passive insertion of full-size archwire using finite element method. Materials and Methods: Geometric model of the maxillary arch created with dimensions of the brackets and archwires scanned using microcomputed tomography were converted to finite element model using HYPERMESH V 12.0 software. Material properties were assigned and boundary conditioning was given. 0.017 × 0.025 inch, 0.018 × 0.025 inch, 0.019 × 0.025 inch, 0.021 × 0.025 inch stainless steel wires were inserted and ligated using 0.010 inch stainless steel wire. The amount of torque in each wire was quantified and compared. Results: 0.018 × 0.025-inch stainless steel archwire in 0.018-inch slot expressed more torque than 0.017 × 0.025-inch wire; in 0.022-inch slot 0.021 × 0.025-inch wire showed more torque. Torque expression in 0.018-inch slot was more than 0.022-inch slot. Torque expressed was less than the prescribed value in both bracket slots.

Assessment and Evaluation of Soft Tissue Measurements between Various Mandibular Divergences in the South Indian Population: A Cephalometric Study.

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the association between the mandibular divergent patterns and soft tissue chin (STC) thickness measured at different chin levels in nongrowing patients. Methodology: Pretreatment lateral cephalograms of 400 adult patients were segregated into four groups based on mandibular divergence pattern defined by the mandibular plane to cranial base angle (average 32° ± 5°), Group I with low angle (below 27°), Group II with medium low angle (28°-32°), Group III with medium high angle (33°-36°), and Group IV with high angle (above 37°). STC thickness was measured between Pog-Pog' (pogonion), Gn-Gn' (gnathion), and Me-Me' (menton), thickness and height of the upper and lower lips were also measured. Statistical analysis was done using one-way analysis of variance followed by post hoc Tukey analysis. Results: A significant difference in the STC thickness at Pog, Gn, and Me was observed among all four groups with hyperdivergent patterns, showing decreased STC thickness than the hypodivergent mandibular pattern. Thickness of the upper and lower lips was greater in hypodivergent mandible, whereas height of the lips was greater in hyperdivergent mandible.

Formulation development and rheological studies of palatable cefetamet pivoxil hydrochloride dry powder suspension.

BACKGROUND AND THE PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Because of its intense bitter taste and susceptibility to moisture Cefetamet Pivoxil (CPH) is presently available only in the form of tablet. The aim of this study was to develop taste masked CPH dry powder suspension. METHODS: METHODS EMPLOYED FOR FORMULATIONS WERE: a) Film coating of CPH using Eudragit E100 and subsequent adsorption on different carriers such as spray-dried lactose, sodium starch glycolate and spray-dried mannitol and b) Complexation of CPH with three different ion exchange resins indion 234 amberlite IRP64 and amberlite IRP69. RESULTS: Taste viz evaluation as recognized by volunteers revealed that coating with Eudragit E100 and subsequent adsorption on different carriers do not mask the bitter taste of the drug. Suspensions prepared using amberlite IRP64 and amberlite IRP69 were extremely palatable with no bitter after taste. They showed pseudoplastic flow behavior and were too viscous even after shearing for sufficient duration of time and exhibited poor pourability. The suspension made with indion 234 was palatable with slight or no bitter after taste. It demonstrated plastic flow with negligible thixotropy. It had moderate viscosity at rest and could be poured after a reasonable amount of shaking. CPH dry powder suspensions were very unstable under different conditions except under refrigeration. A 5% degradation of drug was occurred in reconstituted suspension in 4 days period when stored at room temperature. CONCLUSION: Dry powder suspension prepared with indion 234 having 5% overages was stable even after 4th day of reconstitution and palatable with slight or no bitter after taste.