"Comparison of activated Platelet Rich Fibrin and Platelet Rich Fibrin in osseous regeneration of freshly extracted socket- A double blinded randomized clinical study".

INTRODUCTION: Dental extraction is a common oral surgery procedure, but it can lead to unpredictable changes in alveolar bone structure, which can complicate future rehabilitation with prostheses. Socket preservation aims to reduce bone and soft tissue loss after extraction and involves various techniques using different materials. Autogenous bone is considered the gold standard for grafts, while autologous platelet concentrates like platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) have been used for tissue healing. This study aims to radiographically assess the bone remodeling of freshly extracted socket filled with Activated Platelet Rich Fibrin (APRF) and PRF. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A randomized controlled study was conducted on 60 patients undergoing tooth extraction as atraumatic as possible. Patients were divided into two groups: one receiving APRF with 10% Calcium Chloride as activating agent and the other PRF. Radiographic assessments were done using Kelley et al. scoring criteria at various time intervals, and statistical analyses were performed to evaluate the results. RESULTS: In this study we found increased bone density in extracted socket filled with APRF at any given time interval compared to PRF which is statistically significant. The maxilla demonstrated better bone formation compared to the mandible. Gender, age, and site also influenced bone formation, with females showing differences in lamina dura and overall density. DISCUSSION: PRF is rich in growth factors, promoting osteoblast formation and angiogenesis. Activation with calcium chloride accelerates clot formation and the release of growth factors. This study's radiographic data suggests that APRF may be more effective than PRF in promoting socket preservation and bone formation.

In silico exploration of enzymes involved in sialic acid biosynthesis and their possible role in SARS-CoV-2 infection.

Salivary glands are considered important targets of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Recent evidence suggests that along with angiotensin converting enzyme 2, certain cell surface sialic acids (Sia) may function as receptors for binding SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Over 50 forms of Sia have been identified in nature, with N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac) being the most abundant. We explored the Human Protein Atlas repository to analyze important enzymes in Neu5Ac biosynthesis and propose a hypothesis that further highlights the significance of salivary glands in coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19). This work may facilitate research into targeted drug therapies for COVID-19.

Intraoral frostbite and Leidenfrost effect.

Current lifestyle trends encouraging the rise in use of liquid nitrogen in food and beverages may eventually increase the episodes of injuries reported as well. Here, we report the first case of intraoral frostbite as a result of direct injury to the tissues due to ingestion of liquid nitrogen. The mechanism of injury to the oral mucosa in the absence of any injury to the gastric mucosa is explained correlating it to the Leidenfrost phenomenon. Awareness and proper regulations for the use of liquid nitrogen are unavailable and must be created in order to avoid any potential mortality. The diagnostician must consider the possibility of a chemical agent such as liquid nitrogen, which is so widely being used in the food and beverage industry, as a possible aetiological factor of oral mucosal injury.

Estimation of serum and salivary immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin A in oral pre-cancer: A study in oral submucous fibrosis and oral lichen planus.

AIM: Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and oral lichen planus (OLP) are two frequently reported, potentially malignant disorders with multifactorial etiologies and ambiguous pathogenesis. An immunological pathogenesis has been hypothesized as a causative factor for both. The present study aims to evaluate the role of serum and salivary immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) in both these conditions, by their quantitative estimation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Saliva and serum samples were collected from 30 patients, clinically diagnosed and histopathologically confirmed with OSMF, 30 with OLP and 30 age and sex matched controls. The levels of IgG and IgA were estimated by nephelometry. RESULTS: The mean values of serum IgG were marginally higher in both OSMF and OLP groups compared to the controls but this difference was not significant and the mean values of serum immunoglobulin A were marginally decreased in both the study groups compared to the controls but this difference was also not significant. Inconclusively low levels of salivary IgG and IgA were obtained in the three groups. CONCLUSION: The present study suggests an insignificant association of these immunoglobulins in the pathogenesis of both these diseases.