ABSTRACT
Objective: To study the incidence and risk factors for obstetric brachial plexus palsy and assess the functional outcome. Material and Methods: Five-year data of infants with OBPP were reviewed. Case-control study was performed using matched controls to identify the risk factors. Infants with OBPP were followed up to assess functional outcome. Results: Of the 14,184 live births over a period of 5 years from 2013 to 2017, 23 (11 males, 12 females) had OBPP. Incidence of OBPP was 1.6 per 1000 live births. Higher birth weight (p-value 0.002) and instrumental delivery (p-value 0.02) were independent risk factors for obstetric brachial plexus palsy by multivariate logistic regression analysis. No cases of obstetric brachial plexus palsy were seen in babies born by cesarean section. 95% of the infants with obstetric brachial plexus palsy had complete recovery by 4 months of age. Conclusion: Higher birth weight and instrumental vaginal delivery are independent risk factors for obstetric brachial plexus palsy. Cesarean section may have a protective effect against OBPP. Most infants with obstetric brachial plexus palsy have complete recovery.
ABSTRACT
AIM: To compare the effect of umbilical cord care with Povidine Iodine- Spirit on umbilical infection in early neonatal period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective double blinded randomized controlled study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of daily cleansing of the umbilical cord of term infants with Spirit (Alcohol) -Povidine Iodine combination). This was also compared to the retrospective data obtained for the prevailing practice of keeping the umbilical cord dry. RESULTS: 1518 infants were included in the study. (462 in the "cord care group", 496 in the "water" placebo group, & 560 in "Dry" retrospective group). There was an overall reduction in the clinically screened and evaluated "umbilical infection" in the Povidine -Iodine group. This was attributable to a greater reduction in the mixed bacterial (Colonizer/ commensals) isolates. The Relative Risk for Staph. aureus was lesser when the cord was kept dry (RR 0.6, p<0.01) and sterile water (Placebo) group (RR 0.7, p<0.01). CONCLUSION: Avoiding the antiseptic cleansing increased the RR for commensal / mixed bacterial over growth that would probably facilitate umbilical cord separation.
ABSTRACT
AIM: To evaluate the plasma glucose levels in normal, term infants who were appropriate size for gestational age (AGA) and exclusively breast fed, and to assess the influence of parity of the mother, mode of delivery, and time of feed on the glucose levels. METHOD: A total of 200 healthy, term, AGA infants were longitudinally evaluated at 3, 6, 24, and 72 hours of life. Plasma glucose was estimated from heel prick capillary samples. The influence of mode of delivery, parity, and interval between feeds on plasma glucose was analysed. RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the plasma glucose levels of the cohorts at any of the sampling time points. Parity, mode of delivery, and time since the last feed did not affect plasma glucose. Satisfactory glucose levels were maintained even when infants remained unfed up to 6 hours of age. Infants with plasma glucose concentrations less than 2.2 mmol/l at 3 hours of age were more likely to have low sugar concentration (< 2.5 mmol/l) at 72 hours (RR = 6.55, 95% confidence interval 3.93 to 10.92). CONCLUSIONS: A term, breast fed infant may have its own distinct plasma glucose levels, showing no significant variation between 3 and 72 hours of age. Plasma glucose levels are satisfactorily maintained in normal term infants without resort to prelacteal feeds. Mode of delivery, parity of the mother, and interval between feeds did not influence plasma glucose. Biochemical thresholds for hypoglycaemia do not seem to be of practical importance in asymptomatic, normal, term, breast fed infants.
Subject(s)
Blood Glucose/metabolism , Breast Feeding , Infant, Newborn/blood , Cohort Studies , Delivery, Obstetric , Female , Humans , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Parity , Time FactorsSubject(s)
High-Frequency Ventilation/methods , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy , Blood Gas Analysis , Female , High-Frequency Ventilation/adverse effects , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Male , Respiratory Insufficiency/blood , Respiratory Insufficiency/etiology , Respiratory Insufficiency/mortality , Retrospective Studies , Survival Analysis , Treatment OutcomeSubject(s)
Child Development/physiology , Infant, Premature , Intermittent Positive-Pressure Ventilation , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/therapy , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Intensive Care, Neonatal , Male , Pilot Projects , Prospective Studies , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/etiology , Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Newborn/mortality , Survival Rate , Treatment OutcomeSubject(s)
Galactosemias/complications , Rubella/congenital , Rubella/complications , Humans , Infant, Newborn , MaleABSTRACT
Children between 6 and 12 years form a group at risk for nutritional lag. It has been seen that their growth and nutritional status can be satisfactorily assessed by measuring the mid-thigh circumference, using a fibreglass measuring tape.
Subject(s)
Anthropometry/methods , Nutrition Assessment , Thigh/anatomy & histology , Body Weight , Child , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , India , Male , Regression AnalysisABSTRACT
A 3-week-old baby with neonatally acquired tuberculous bronchopneumonia is presented. The diagnosis was considered because the neonate did not respond to conventional management of bronchopneumonia. The importance of including tuberculosis as a differential diagnosis in respiratory disorders, especially in developing countries, is emphasized.
