Immediate and long-term outcomes of assault in pregnancy.

OBJECTIVE: We examined the immediate and long-term health outcomes of hospitalised pregnancy-related assault. METHODS: A retrospective review of hospital records was conducted using data from the New Zealand Ministry of Health's National Minimum Data Set of hospital discharges. The hospital records of pregnant women admitted to a public hospital in New Zealand between 2001 and 2006 were included in this investigation. Unique identifiers were used to identify the index pregnancy event, subsequent discharge events and mortality for five years after the index event. Discharge records were grouped as follows: pregnancy-related hospital admission, but no associated or subsequent assault recorded (pregnant only); an assault-related hospital admission event after the pregnancy, but within five years of the index pregnancy (assault after pregnancy); an assault recorded within the same hospital admission event as the pregnancy (assault during pregnancy). Generalised linear models for the binomial family were conducted to explore increased risk ratios of adverse maternal, fetal and subsequent injury outcomes depending on group assignment. RESULTS: Compared with the pregnancy-only group, the assault after pregnancy and assault during pregnancy groups had increased risk ratios for death, preterm labour, antepartum haemorrhage, infectious complication, spontaneous abortion and stillbirth. CONCLUSION: Assault during pregnancy substantially increased the risks for a number of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes. The identification of women who live in a violent relationship and the provision of adequate social support to these women may reduce the risks of subsequent injury and adverse maternal and fetal outcomes.

Exploring paternal influences on the dieting behaviors of adolescent girls.

In this article we investigate fathers' influence on the dieting behavior of their adolescent daughters. Fifty father-daughter dyads (N = 100) participated. The girls completed a questionnaire concerning their beliefs and behaviors with respect to dieting, their body satisfaction, and their perception of the advantages of being thinner. Fathers were surveyed in order to ascertain their perceptions of the advantages of slimness for adolescent girls and their beliefs regarding the importance of physical appearance and weight control in females of all ages. Associations were found between fathers attitudes to physical attractiveness in females, their perceptions of the impact of being slimmer for adolescent girls, and their daughters dieting behavior. Fathers who believed strongly in the importance of attractiveness and careful control of food intake by females were significantly more likely to have daughters who induced vomiting to lose weight. Fathers play an influential role in determining the dieting behavior of their adolescent daughters.