Rethink, Revisit, Revise: A Spiral Reinforced Self-Revised Network for Zero-Shot Learning.

Current approaches to zero-shot learning (ZSL) struggle to learn generalizable semantic knowledge capable of capturing complex correlations. Inspired by Spiral Curriculum, which enhances learning processes by revisiting knowledge, we propose a form of spiral learning that revisits visual representations based on a sequence of attribute groups (e.g., a combined group of color and shape). Spiral learning aims to learn generalized local correlations, enabling models to gradually enhance global learning and, thus, understand complex correlations. Our implementation is based on a two-stage reinforced self-revised (RSR) framework: preview and review. RSR first previews visual information to construct diverse attribute groups in a weakly supervised manner. Then, it spirally learns refined localities based on attribute groups and uses localities to revise global semantic correlations. Our framework outperforms state-of-the-art algorithms on four benchmark datasets in both zero-shot and generalized zero-shot settings, which demonstrates the effectiveness of spiral learning in learning generalizable and complex correlations. We also conduct extensive analysis to show that attribute groups and reinforced decision processes can capture complementary semantic information to improve predictions and aid explainability.

Physiotherapy provision following discharge after total hip and total knee replacement: a survey of current practice at high-volume NHS hospitals in England and wales.

BACKGROUND: Total hip replacement (THR) and total knee replacement (TKR) are two common elective orthopaedic procedures, and the provision of physiotherapy for patients after discharge is variable, with evidence for best practice remaining uncertain. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To determine the standard physiotherapy service offered to patients following discharge after THR and TKR. METHODS: A telephone survey was carried with clinicians at 24 high-volume NHS orthopaedic centres in England and Wales. Information was gathered on standard physiotherapy provision and categorized into; no routine physiotherapy, outpatient physiotherapy (including one-to-one and group), home-based physiotherapy or other physiotherapy (including telephone consultation and drop-in services). RESULTS: No centres surveyed referred patients to outpatient physiotherapy as a routine pathway of care following THR. Eleven centres provided group physiotherapy to patients after discharge following TKR compared with five centres providing one-to-one outpatient physiotherapy. CONCLUSION: The provision of physiotherapy following discharge after TKR is a more common practice than after THR, where ongoing physiotherapy is provided depending upon clinical need. Group exercises are the favoured destination for patients following TKR in high-volume centres.