Inyección ecoguiada del músculo piriforme. Un nuevo abordaje / Ultrasound-guided piriformis muscle injection. A new approach

El síndrome piriforme es una causa poco frecuente de dolor de espalda y miembros inferiores. Algunas de las opciones de tratamiento incluyen la inyección del músculo piriforme con anestésicos locales y corticoides. Se han descrito varias técnicas de inyección. Las técnicas ecoguiadas permiten la visualización directa del músculo y la inyección en tiempo real. Se presenta una serie de 5 pacientes cuya clínica es compatible con síndrome piriforme, que no han mejorado tras tratamiento farmacológico. Se optó por la inyección del músculo piriforme con anestésicos locales y corticoides mediante un nuevo abordaje ecoguiado más sencillo técnicamente, basado en la técnica estándar. En los 5 pacientes se apreció una mejoría del dolor medido por la escala verbal numérica tras la inyección. Solo en un caso se presentó como complicación una ciatalgia que mejoró espontáneamente en 10 días. En los demás pacientes no se observaron complicaciones tras la inyección. Se describe una variante de la técnica ecoguiada recomendada en la inyección del músculo piriforme, más sencilla de realizar, con un buen perfil de seguridad y con buenos resultados clínicos (AU)

Piriformis syndrome is an uncommon cause of buttock and leg pain. Some treatment options include the injection of piriformis muscle with local anesthetic and steroids. Various techniques for piriformis muscle injection have been described. Ultrasound allows direct visualization and real time injection of the piriformis muscle. We describe 5 consecutive patients, diagnosed of piriformis syndrome with no improvement after pharmacological treatment. Piriformis muscle injection with local anesthetics and steroids was performed using an ultrasound technique based on a standard technique. All 5 patients have improved their pain measured by numeric verbal scale. One patient had a sciatic after injection that improved in 10 days spontaneously. We describe an ultrasound-guided piriformis muscle injection that has the advantages of being effective, simple, and safe (AU)

Ultrasound-guided piriformis muscle injection. A new approach. / Inyección ecoguiada del músculo piriforme. Un nuevo abordaje.

Piriformis syndrome is an uncommon cause of buttock and leg pain. Some treatment options include the injection of piriformis muscle with local anesthetic and steroids. Various techniques for piriformis muscle injection have been described. Ultrasound allows direct visualization and real time injection of the piriformis muscle. We describe 5 consecutive patients, diagnosed of piriformis syndrome with no improvement after pharmacological treatment. Piriformis muscle injection with local anesthetics and steroids was performed using an ultrasound technique based on a standard technique. All 5 patients have improved their pain measured by numeric verbal scale. One patient had a sciatic after injection that improved in 10 days spontaneously. We describe an ultrasound-guided piriformis muscle injection that has the advantages of being effective, simple, and safe.

Riesgo embolígeno al cargar medicación con agujas de bisel largo y envases con tapón de plástico / Embolism risk with long bevel needles and plastic tap containers

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Síndrome de Horner secundario a analgesia epidural obstétrica. A propósito de un caso / Horner's syndrome after epidural analgesia for labor. Case report and review of the literature

El síndrome de Horner es una lesión oculosimpática que ocurre de forma ocasional como complicación de la analgesia epidural obstétrica y que tiene un curso de carácter benigno, tanto para la madre como para la viabilidad del feto. Presentamos el caso de una paciente gestante de 39 años de edad que requirió analgesia epidural para trabajo de parto. Se instauró analgesia epidural a los 4 cm de dilatación de cuello uterino. A los 30 minutos de una dosis de 7 ml de levobupivacaína 0,125 % y 50 microgramos de fentanilo, se objetivó síndrome de Horner del lado izquierdo. La clínica cede espontáneamente a los 45 minutos y se puede continuar con la analgesia epidural, sin incidencias hasta el parto (AU)

Horner's syndrome is a rare oculosympathetic lesion that occurs as a complication of obstetric epidural analgesia. The clinical course is benign for both the mother and fetus. We report the case of a 39 year old woman who required epidural analgesia for labor. Epidural analgesia was performed when the cervix was dilated 4 cm. Thirty minutes after a bolus of 7 ml of levovupivaine 0,125 % and 50 micrograms of fentanyl, the patient was diagnose a left sided Horner´s syndrome. It spontaneously resolved over the next forty five minutes and epidural analgesia was continued until she underwent an uneventful vaginal delivery (AU)

[Prediction of mortality and quality of life in polytraumatized patients: APACHE II versus APACHE III]. / Predicción de mortalidad y calidad de vida en politraumatizados: APACHE II frente a APACHE III.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the APACHE II and III prognostic assessment systems as predictors of mortality in polytraumatized patients and to compare each system's admission assessments to the patient's quality of life one month, six months and one year later. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A prospective study of 130 polytraumatized patients admitted to the critical care unit was carried out. A polytraumatized patient was defined as "presenting two or more traumatic lesions that were immediately or eventually life-threatening". We studied age, sex, type of trauma, mortality, mean APACHE II and APACHE III scores during the first three days in the critical care unit for patients who survived and those who died, estimating relative risk of mortality by APACHE II and APACHE III, and quality of life one month, six months and one year after admission using Karnofsky scores (KPS). RESULTS: Mean patient age was 46.47 +/- 20.19 years; 78% were men and 22% women. Overall mortality was 20%. The most frequent trauma was craniocerebral (70.76%), followed by injuries ot the chest (53.8%) and extremities (46.15%). Mean APACHE II and APACHE III scores during the first three days were 10.22 +/- 5.33 and 32.75 +/- 16.42, respectively. Mean APACHE II and III scores were significantly higher (p = 0.02) in patients who died than in survivors (14.33 +/- 5.43 and 9.7 +/- 5.2, respectively, for APACHE II; and 43.27 +/- 17.68 and 30.16 +/- 15.79, respectively, for APACHE III). For each point increase of APACHE II or III scores, relative risk of mortality increased 1.09% (p = 0.03) and 1.02% (p = 0.03), respectively. Patients with APACHE II scores over 12 were 3.53 times more likely to die (p = 0.02). Patients with APACHE III scores over 35 were 3.05 times more likely to die (p = 0.02). One month after admission, 6.4% of patients had a KPS of 100 (normal, as before trauma), 35.8% achieved this score six months after admission and 82% after one year (p = 0.01). Mean APACHE III upon admission was significantly lower (p = 0.045) in patients who achieved KPS 100. CONCLUSIONS: The APACHE II and APACHE III prognostic systems predict relative risk of death in polytraumatized patients. APACHE III, but not APACHE II, at admission is significantly related to quality of life one year later.