[Epidemio-clinical features of retinoblastoma at the Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital Center in Burkina Faso: about 32 cases]. / Caractéristiques épidémio-cliniques du rétino blastome au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Yalgado Ouedraogo du Burkina Faso: à propos de 32 cas.

Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular cancer of childhood. Its estimated incidence is 1 case per 15 000 to 18 000 births. The purpose of this study is to highlight the epidemiological and clinical features of this disease as well as its management in Burkina Faso. We conducted a retrospective study over a period of 5 years at the Yalgado Ouedraogo University Hospital Center. The average age of patients was 33 months, with predominance of male sex (68.75%). Exophthalmia was the most frequent reason for consultation (59.37%). The predominant pattern was unilateral (75%) associated with eye protrusion (59.38%). Chemotherapy associated with surgery was the treatment of choice, with a 5-year survival rate of 34.37%. Retinoblastoma is one of the most common cancers in children younger than 5 years. In our low-income country this disease is diagnosed late. Patients´ management is complex and is commonly associated with poor prognosis. Mortality and morbidity from this disease are disproportionate in our country facing a shortage of technical equipment. In our low-income country, patient´s management should be based on early detection of the disease as well as on adequate treatment.

Malignant melanoma of the nasal septum, a rare tumor, occurring in a 54-year-old patient after hereditary retinoblastoma treatment.

The authors report a case of a malignant melanoma of the nasal cavity that is a rare tumor and very aggressive, constituting 1% of all melanomas. It appeared in a patient 54 years after he was treated for a hereditary retinoblastoma. Its symptoms are nonspecific, and often marked by epistaxis. Its diagnosis is histological, supported by immunohistochemistry. Its prognosis is often unfavorable, and characterized by the occurrence of metastases and recurrences. Because of the risk of secondary cancer that exists in any survivor of hereditary retinoblastoma, we must think of possible mucosal melanoma of the nasal sinus in these patients in cases of chronic epistaxis. The prognosis of this tumor depends on its early diagnosis and surgical treatment.

Anophthalmia and serious microphthalmia: a summary of the problems associated with antenatal diagnosis and therapeutic refunding in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Anophthalmia and serious microphthalmia are conditions characterized by the complete lack of the primary optic vesicle or the presence of the rudimentary eye-like structure. These are rare prenatal conditions, yet diagnoses remain a challenge in Black African areas, raising a major concerns surrounding care after birth. This paper reports a case of anophthalmia and serious microphthalmia, the diagnosis of which was not possible despite many ultrasounds undergone by the mother during pregnancy.