ABSTRACT
Group IIA secreted/synovial phospholipase A(2) (GIIAPLA(2)) is an enzyme involved in the synthesis of eicosanoids such as prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)), the main eicosanoid contributing to pain and inflammation in rheumatic diseases. We designed, by molecular modeling, 7 novel analogs of 3-{4-[5(indol-1-yl)pentoxy]benzyl}-4H-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-one, denoted C1, an inhibitor of the GIIAPLA(2) enzyme. We report the results of molecular dynamics studies of the complexes between these derivatives and GIIAPLA(2), along with their chemical synthesis and results from PLA(2) inhibition tests. Modeling predicted some derivatives to display greater GIIAPLA(2) affinities than did C1, and such predictions were confirmed by in vitro PLA(2) enzymatic tests. Compound C8, endowed with the most favorable energy balance, was shown experimentally to be the strongest GIIAPLA(2) inhibitor. Moreover, it displayed an anti-inflammatory activity on rabbit articular chondrocytes, as shown by its capacity to inhibit IL-1beta-stimulated PGE(2) secretion in these cells. Interestingly, it did not modify the COX-1 to COX-2 ratio. C8 is therefore a potential candidate for anti-inflammatory therapy in joints.
Subject(s)
Chondrocytes/drug effects , Dinoprostone/metabolism , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Phospholipase A2 Inhibitors , Animals , Cell Line , Chondrocytes/metabolism , Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry , Interleukin-1beta/pharmacology , Models, Molecular , Molecular Dynamics Simulation , RabbitsABSTRACT
The group IIA human non-pancreatic secretory phospholipase A(2) (hnp-sPLA(2)) is one of the enzymes implied in the inflammatory process. In the course of our work on inhibitors of this enzyme we investigated the influence of rigidity of the piperazine region on the biological activity. Several modifications were explored. Various linkers, such as amide, urea, carbamate, or alkoxyphenyl were inserted between the piperazine and the lipophilic chain. Also, modification of the piperazine core to incorporate carbonyl groups was studied. In an in vitro fluorimetric assay using the human GIIA (HPLA(2)) and porcine pancreatic GIB enzymes, compound 60a (Y=phenoxy, R=C(18)H(37), Z=CH(2)) had the optimal activity with an IC(50)=30nM on HPLA(2). By means of molecular modelling we attempted to get informations towards comprehension of differences in activity.
Subject(s)
Drug Design , Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry , Phospholipases A/antagonists & inhibitors , Piperazines/chemistry , Piperazines/pharmacology , Animals , CHO Cells , Cell Line , Combinatorial Chemistry Techniques , Cricetinae , Cricetulus , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Humans , Piperazine , Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship , Structure-Activity RelationshipABSTRACT
Among the different PLA(2)s identified to date, the group IIA secretory PLA(2) (sPLA(2) GIIA) is implied in diverse pathological conditions. In this work we describe the synthesis, inhibitory activities, and structure-activity relationships (SAR) of a new class of substituted piperazine derivatives. The in vitro fluorimetric assay using two groups of enzymes, GIB and GIIA, revealed several compounds as highly potent inhibitors (IC(50)=0.1 microM). The in vivo activity assessed by ip or per os administration in a carrageenan-induced edema test in rats showed that two compounds proved to be as potent as indomethacin (10 mg/kg).
Subject(s)
Benzene/chemistry , Enzyme Inhibitors/chemical synthesis , Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology , Hydrogen/chemistry , Oxazoles/chemical synthesis , Phospholipases A2, Secretory/antagonists & inhibitors , Piperazines/chemical synthesis , Alkylation , Animals , Drug Design , Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry , Humans , Methylation , Molecular Structure , Oxazoles/chemistry , Oxazoles/pharmacology , Phospholipases A2, Secretory/metabolism , Piperazines/chemistry , Piperazines/pharmacology , Rats , Structure-Activity Relationship , SwineABSTRACT
Secreted phospholipases A2 (sPLA2s) have been reported to play an important role in various inflammatory conditions and thus represent an attractive therapeutic target. Previous SAR studies from our laboratory have revealed certain important features of our recently discovered specific hGIIA sPLA2 inhibitors, and we report here the synthesis and biological activities of glycerol-containing derivatives of our lead compound III (Figure 1). Efficient and selective synthesis methods have been developed to make glycerol trisubstituted by different groups on desired positions. In terms of biological activities, the best compounds (A3, A6, and A15) are more active than III (Figure 1), as potent as Me-Indoxam, an sPLA2s inhibitor of reference, against hGIIA, hGV, and hGX sPLA2s and at least 10 times less active toward the GIB enzymes in two in vitro assay systems. By synthesis of enantiopure (S)-A6, we demonstrated that no important improvement of the inhibitory potency could be achieved by this approach. Furthermore, the results show that the global lipophilicity is likely responsible for the anti-PLA2 activity and two oxadiazolone moieties seem too big to be accommodated by the active site of the hGIIA enzyme.
