[Nitric oxide and electrogenic metals (Ca, Na, K) in epidermal cells].

Using atomic emission spectrometry and EPR analysis metal-ligand homeostasis (MLH) has been studied in epidermal cells of 954 liquidators of the Chernobyl accident and 947 healthy individuals. A possible association of the redox status with the quantitative changes in the MLH, which could be used as discriminators of oxidative/nitrosative stress, attracts special interest. Characteristic features of oxidative stress mainly related to electrogenic metals (Ca, K, Na), were found not only among the liquidators examined, but also in some healthy individuals (18.1%); this suggests the presence of oxidative/nitrosative stress of non-radiation origin. Correlation between intracellular production of nitric oxide (NO) with quantitative changes in the electrogenic metals may indicate the possible involvement of NO in the generation of an electric potential of the cell.

[Effects of ultraviolet irradiation on structural and functional condition of T- and B-lymphocytes of human blood]. / Vliianie ul'trafioletovogo izlucheniia na strukturno-funktsional'noe sostoianie T- i B-limfotsitov krovi cheloveka.

The influence of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on structural and functional condition of membranes T- and B-lymphocytes of human blood is investigated. It is shown, that intergral flow of UV-light (240-390 nm) in doses 151-1359 J/m2 leads to the increase of the expression of some HLA-antigen (DR1, DR2, DR5, DR7) and Fc-receptors on membranes of B-lymphocytes. The level of HLA-antigen was increased by 20-500% from the initial state after exposure to different doses. The growth of the expression of Fc-receprots was registered in 80% of the donors in the range from 20 up to 540%. The minimum dose of UV-light (151 J/m2) caused the maximum effect. The reduction of the level of Fc-receptors by 10-90% relatively to the native condition was registered for T-cells in 80% of the donors. Groups of the donors were revealed, T-lymphocytes of which differed by the sensitivity to UV-radiation. The effect of "strengthening--weakening", resulting to the reduction of the initially high parameters and to increase in the initially low ones was found.

[Around the Semipalatinsk proving grounds: the radioecological situation and the population radiation doses in Semipalatinsk Province (based on data from the report of the Interdepartmental Commission)]. / Vokrug Semipalatinskogo poligona: radioékologicheskaia obstanovka, dozy oblucheniia naseleniia v Semipalatinskoi oblasti (po materialam otcheta mezhvedomstvennoi komissii).

The paper represents some results of a joint commission, organized by the USSR Ministry of Health by order of the USSR Council of Ministers at public requests. The commission worked in the area neighbouring the proving ground at Semipalatinsk in the period of May-July 1988. A radiological situation there was investigated after underground nuclear testing on July 8, 1989. The results of measurements and archive data were used to estimate doses of radiation exposure of the population in the period of 1949 (nuclear testing on the ground and in the atmosphere) and in the period of underground testing, It was shown that in the period of 1949-1963 approximately 10,000 people received increased doses of external and internal irradiation. A high level of radiation-induced chromosome aberrations was noted among them. The highest effective equivalent doses of external and internal irradiation were received by the residents in the villages of Folon' (1.6 Gy during the first testing in 1949), Karaul (0.37 Gy), Sarzhal (0.20 Gy), Semenovka (0.02 Gy). The annual effective equivalent doses at that period did not exceed 0.0056 Gy (the highest value) for the Semipalatinsk residents. Proceeding from the values of collective doses probable long-term effects (malignant tumors) were assessed. Recommendations and conclusions of the commission are presented.