[Changes of static and dynamic characteristics of external respiration in divers after short-term dives down to 100 m]. / Zminy statychnykh ta dynamichnykh kharakterystyk zovnishnóho dykhannia vodolaziv pislia korotkochasnykh zanuren na hlybynu do 100 m.

In a series of short (up to 45 min without considering time of decompression) dives (SD) at depths down to 100 m under conditions of the Barentsev Sea five professional deep-sea divers were examined. In dives down to 40 m compressed air was used as breathing media, in dives to 60, 80 and 100 m--nitrogen-heliox mixture. Before the SD series the volume and velocity lung variables at rest and during forced expiration in air and heliox media were measured between separate SDs and on the 3rd day after the end of decompression with dive to 100 m, using computer spiro- and pneumotachometry methods. Bronchospastic syndrome, playing the leading role in the development of transient isolated or generalized airway obstruction, was shown to be evoked in divers during conduction of SD series. Obstructive phenomena are presumed to be connected with elastic properties' disturbance of lung tissue and development of expiratory collapse; they might cause continuous lung dilatation.

[The late sequelae of the systematic action of a complex of real diving factors on the pulmonary ventilatory function of deep-sea divers]. / Otdalennye posledstviia sistematicheskgo deistviia kompleksa faktorov real'nykh pogruzhenii na ventiliatornuiu funktsiiiu legkikh vodolazov-glubokovodnikov.

Parameters which characterize lung volumes, absolute and relative flow rates, breathing reserve, were found unchanged with increasing age and record of active dive service, and in some deep-divers these parameters were growing up. This was disclosed due to comparative analysis of lung ventilatory function changes in divers through certain amount of years of professional occupation. At the same time a significant decrease in small to middle calibre bronchi patency was noted. In 30% of experienced deep-divers the mean maximal forced expiratory flow at 75% forced vital capacity (FEF75) decreased to 39% of predicted value at one-second forced expiratory volume (FEV1) being normal. Maximal expiratory flow at 50% forced vital capacity (FEF50) were in inferior normal limit (52% of predicted value).

[The readaptation of the respiration, blood circulation and body oxygen regimen in aquanauts after saturation dives to depths of up to 450 m]. / Readaptatsiia dykhaniia, krovoobrashcheniia i kislorodnogo rezhima organizma akvanavtov posle saturatsionnykh pogruzhenii na glubiny do 450 m.

Main trace posthyperbaric and postdecompression responses to respiration, circulation and oxygen profiles, dynamics of their reduction in 99 aquanauts at pressure of 46 kgs/cm2 (0.46 mPa) during 14-30 day period have been studied. The respiratory changes were found to be characterized by: ventilatory function disorders which followed the obstructive-restrictive pattern; discoordination of ventilation regulation and slowing down of respiratory gas transport through aerohematic barrier. The hemodynamic shifts have been manifested as cardiac rhythm instability, heart pump function followed by decreased cardiac contractions on exercise exposures. The economy and efficiency of body oxygen profiles in a respiration loop become lower than that in hemodynamic loop. The rate of the alveolar oxygen supply is decreased to the levels lower than the rates of oxygen supply by arterial and mixed venous blood. The long-term functional rearrangement of respiratory gas transport followed by the phase changes combined with the specific and nonspecific reactions persisting over a period of 30-60 days and more longer after decompression, is existed.

[Development of decompression regimens for excursion dives after a prolonged exposure to 21 ata]. / Razrabotka rezhimov dekompressii dlia ékskursionnykh spuskov iz uslovii dlitel'nogo prebyvaniia pod davleniem do 21 ata.

Decompression regimens for excursion dives from a depth of 20, 50, 100 or 200 m were developed and tested in a dry altitude chamber. Each dive continued for about 2 weeks, during which test subjects performed 10 excursion dives to a lower depth. No cases of decompression sickness were observed during 246 man/excursions whereas two cases of decompression sickness occurred in a field study.

[Adaptive reactions in humans during repeated exposure to deep-water saturation immersion]. / Adaptivnye reaktsii u cheloveka pri mnogokratnom deistvii glubokovodnykh saturatsionnykh pogruzhenii.

Evaluation of changes in respiration circulation and respiratory gas transport has shown that long-term influence of hyperbaria gives rise to phase changes and promotes a shift to a new level of the functional state of aquanauts. It is established that the postdecompression syndrome is characterized by the lability of main parameters of breathing and circulation, depression of gas exchange, disorders of bronchial permeability, relaxation of the cardiac pump function, decrease of physical workability against the background of inhibition of the adrenal cortex and weakening of the non-specific immunoresistance. Examination of 145 deep divers has revealed regularities of readaptation dynamics and has permitted a conclusion on an increase of unfavourable tendencies in the ventilatory pulmonary function and cardiac pump function under repeated effect of saturated diving. The normative values of external respiration are worked out as applied to divers. Some new approaches to the technology of medical providing of deep divings and correction of non-specific professional pathology of acquanauts are physiologically substantiated proceeding from tendencies of shifts in the periods between divings and diving norms.