ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Introduction: The success of frozen embryo transfer cycles depends on a delicate interaction between embryo quality and endometrium. Low pregnancy rates are associated with a thin endometrium. Objective: To evaluate the effect of autologous platelet-rich plasma treatment on patients with thin endometrium. Methods: In 34 patients with thin endometrium (< 7 mm), canceled in the previous frozen embryo transfer cycles, autologous platelet-rich plasma was prepared, from autologous peripheral vein blood; intrauterine infusion was given during hormone replacement therapy in frozen embryo transfer cycles. Frozen embryo transfer was performed when the endometrium thickness reached ≥ 7mm. Results: Six patients canceled the embryo transfer cycle due to endometrium thickness did not reach 7 mm; 28 patients got endometrial thickness ≥ 7 mm and performed frozen embryo transfer. The endometrial thickness was 7.5 ± 0.8 mm, which was significantly thicker than in the previous cycles (5.6 ± 0.79 mm) with p< 0.002, the implantation rate was 23.07 %, and the clinical pregnancy rate was 12/28 (42.8 %). Conclusion: Autologous platelet-rich plasma improves the endometrial thickness and the pregnancy rate outcomes in women with thin endometrium.
RESUMEN Introducción: El éxito de los ciclos de transferencia de embriones congelados depende de una delicada interacción entre la calidad del embrión y el endometrio. Las bajas tasas de embarazo están asociadas con un endometrio delgado. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto del tratamiento con plasma rico en plaquetas autólogo en pacientes con endometrial delgado. Métodos: En 34 pacientes con endometrio delgado (< 7 mm) canceladas en los ciclos previos de transferencia de embriones congelados, se preparó plasma autólogo rico en plaquetas, a partir de sangre autóloga de venas periféricas; la infusión intrauterina se administró durante la terapia de reemplazo hormonal en los ciclos de transferencia de embriones congelados. La transferencia de embriones congelados se realizó cuando el grosor del endometrio alcanzó ≥ 7 mm. Resultados: En 6s pacientes se canceló el ciclo de transferencia embrionaria debido a que el grosor del endometrio no alcanzó los 7 mm; 28 pacientes obtuvieron un grosor endometrial ≥ 7 mm y realizaron transferencia de embriones congelados. El grosor del endometrio fue de 7,5 ± 0,8 mm, significativamente mayor que en los ciclos anteriores (5,6 ± 0,79 mm) con p< 0,002; la tasa de implantación fue de 23,07 % y la tasa de embarazo clínico fue de 12/28 (42,8 %). Conclusión: El plasma autólogo rico en plaquetas mejora el grosor endometrial y los resultados de la tasa de embarazo en mujeres con endometrio delgado.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND INFORMATION: Hxt5p is a member of a multigene family of hexose transporter proteins which translocate glucose across the plasma membrane of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. In contrast with other major hexose transporters of this family, Hxt5p expression is regulated by the growth rate of the cells and not by the external glucose concentration. Furthermore, Hxt5p is the only glucose transporter expressed during stationary phase. These observations suggest a different role for Hxt5p in S. cerevisiae. Therefore we studied the metabolism and localization of Hxt5p in more detail. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Inhibition of HXT5 expression in stationary-phase cells by the addition of glucose, which increases the growth rate, led to a decrease in the amount of Hxt5 protein within a few hours. Addition of glucose to stationary-phase cells resulted in a transient phosphorylation of Hxt5p on serine residues, but no ubiquitination was detected. The decrease in Hxt5p levels is caused by internalization of the protein, as observed by immunofluorescence microscopy. In stationary-phase cells, Hxt5p was localized predominantly at the cell periphery and upon addition of glucose to the cells the protein translocated to the cell interior. Electron microscopy demonstrated that the internalized Hxt5p-HA (haemagglutinin) protein was localized to small vesicles, multivesicular bodies and the vacuole. These results suggest that internalization and degradation of Hxt5p in the vacuole occur in an ubiquitination-independent manner via the endocytic pathway.
