Surf therapy for improving child and adolescent mental health: A pilot randomised control trial.

The aim of this pilot randomised control trial (RCT) was to test, 1) feasibility and acceptability of a surf therapy program to improve symptoms of mental ill-health among children and adolescents, and 2) the design and procedures of an evaluative study. This pilot RCT compared a 6-week mentor-supported surf therapy program with a wait list control group, in Australian children and adolescents aged 8-18yrs (M age = 11.28, SD = 2.34; 15 females), who were help seeking for issues relating to their mental health. Exclusion criteria included if an individual was actively suicidal or experiencing a psychotic episode or being unavailable for program dates. The primary outcome was the feasibility and acceptability of the intervention and study design assessed via 11 pre-defined criteria. A secondary outcome was to investigate the effectiveness signal of the intervention on child indicators of depression and anxiety, assessed via the Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale-Short Form and the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. Random allocation was computer generated and while it was not possible to blind participants, researchers collecting assessments were blinded to group allocation. Thirty-six youth were randomised (intervention = 18; wait list controls = 18), representing an 84% participation rate among eligible youth. Of the 11 a priori feasibility and acceptability criteria, 4 of 5 relating to the intervention, and 4 of 6 addressing the study design were fully met, with the unmet factors guiding program revision. At the completion of the intervention, children and adolescents receiving the intervention reported reductions in symptoms of depression (ES = 0.57), anxiety (ES = 0.43), emotional problems, (ES = 0.79), peer problems (ES = 0.56), hyperactivity/inattention (ES = 0.28), and overall difficulties (ES = 0.64). These reductions were not sustained 6-weeks after completion of the intervention. Surf therapy is an acceptable and feasible intervention for addressing symptoms of mental ill-health among children and adolescents. Preliminary evidence suggests that surf therapy improves symptoms of mental ill-health in the short-term but that these improvements were not sustained after the intervention is ceased.

Feasibility, Acceptability, and Preliminary Efficacy of Acceptance Commitment Therapy for Adults Living With Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Distress.

BACKGROUND: The bidirectional relationship between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) flare-ups and depression/anxiety symptoms has prompted investigations into psychotherapy to improve health-related quality of life (HRQoL) by targeting depression and anxiety. Acceptance commitment therapy (ACT) is effective in improving symptoms of depression and anxiety in people with chronic diseases, yet minimal research has examined ACT's effectiveness for IBD. This study examines the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of the ACTforIBD program, an online program codesigned with consumers to deliver ACT to those with IBD. METHODS: Adults with IBD and symptoms of mild-moderate distress were randomized to ACTforIBD or an active control (psychoeducation) condition. Participants completed 8 weekly, 1-hour sessions, 4 of which were therapist facilitated. Feasibility was based on recruitment and retention and acceptability was derived from postprogram satisfaction measures. Preliminary efficacy was determined by group differences in rate of change in study outcomes from baseline to postprogram. RESULTS: Of 62 participants (89% women, 11% men; mean age  33 years), 55 completed the program (ACTforIBD: n = 26 [83.9%]; active control: n = 29 [93.5%]). Adherence and acceptability were high in the ACTforIBD group, with 80% of participants completing all self-directed modules and 78% of participants expressing satisfaction with the program. Significant and marginally significant group × time interactions were found for anxiety symptoms (b = -1.89; 95% confidence interval, -3.38 to -0.42) and psychological HRQoL (b = -0.04; 95% confidence interval, -0.07 to 0.01), showing decreased anxiety and increased psychological HRQoL in the intervention group. CONCLUSIONS: ACTforIBD is feasible, acceptable, and improved anxiety symptoms, and psychological HRQoL. This highlights the need for a full-scale randomized controlled trial to further examine the program's efficacy.

Acceptance commitment therapy (ACT) for psychological distress associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD): protocol for a feasibility trial of the ACTforIBD programme.

INTRODUCTION: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) involves an abnormal immune response to healthy gut bacteria. When a person develops IBD, their susceptibility to anxiety and/or depression increases. The ACTforIBD programme, specifically designed for people with IBD and comorbid psychological distress, draws on acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT), which promotes acceptance of situations that cannot be solved such as persistent physical symptoms. There are no ACT trials for IBD using an active control group or a telemedicine approach, which is important to improve accessibility, particularly in the context of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The ACTforIBD programme is administered online with a 4-hour therapist involvement per participant only; if successful it can be widely implemented to improve the well-being of many individuals with IBD. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Our team have codesigned with consumers the ACTforIBD programme, an 8-week intervention of 1-hour sessions, with the first three sessions and the last session delivered one-to-one by a psychologist, and the other sessions self-directed online. This study aims to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of ACTforIBD to reduce psychological distress in patients with IBD. Using a randomised controlled trial, 25 participants will be randomised to ACTforIBD, and 25 patients to an active control condition. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This protocol has been approved by Deakin University Research Ethics Committee in September 2021 (Ref. 2021-263) and the New Zealand Central Health and Disability Ethics Committee in December 2021 (Ref. 2021 EXP 11384). The results of this research will be published in peer-reviewed journals and shared with various stakeholders, including community members, policy-makers and researchers, through local and international conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: ACTRN12621001316897.

A qualitative investigation into the perceived therapeutic benefits and barriers of a surf therapy intervention for youth mental health.

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to investigate potential therapeutic pathways and barriers to participation in a surf therapy program for youth at risk of mental health problems from the perspective of participants, surf mentors and program coordinator. METHOD: Nineteen individuals, consisting of youth (n = 9, 5 male, 4 female, M = 12.8, SD = 2.6), mentors (n = 9, male 5, female 4, M = 37.60, SD = 13.62) and the Ocean Mind program coordinator (n = 1, male, age 26 years), participated in semi-structured focus groups or follow-up interviews. This qualitative study analysed data using inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS: Six themes were identified in total, with self-efficacy, interpersonal skills and forming a mentorship being potential therapeutic pathways of the surf therapy intervention. Surf instruction techniques and family engagement were both identified as potential barriers that negatively affect participant engagement. Additionally, the natural environment was identified as both a potential therapeutic pathway and a barrier. CONCLUSION: Surf therapy interventions appears to hold a number of benefits for youth mental health via pathways relating to the promotion of mental health protective factors.

Lived experience in people with inflammatory bowel disease and comorbid anxiety and depression in the United Kingdom and Australia.

This study explored the lived experience of people with inflammatory bowel disease and anxiety/depression. It utilised a deductive biopsychosocial framework. Overall, 24 patients and 20 healthcare professionals from two countries participated. In the United Kingdom, the main themes included (1) bidirectional relationship between inflammatory bowel disease and mental health, (2) the need for healthcare integration and (3) lack of awareness about the disease. In Australia, (1) the 'vicious cycle' of inflammatory bowel disease and psychosocial health, (2) the need for biopsychosocial healthcare integration and (3) the stigma of a hidden disease. Better communication around mental illness is essential in improving inflammatory bowel disease healthcare.

Perspectives on an Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) based program for patients with inflammatory bowel disease and comorbid anxiety and/or depressive symptoms.

Background and aim: Individuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) suffer higher rates of anxiety and depression than the general population, however, few psychological interventions are designed for this population. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), aimed to increase psychological flexibility, may be useful to address the unique concerns of IBD sufferers. This study aimed to explore stakeholder perspectives on an ACT-based intervention prototype tailored to people with IBD and comorbid anxiety and/or depressive symptoms.Methods: An Intervention Mapping methodology guided intervention design. A qualitative exploratory design was used to investigate the perspectives of stakeholders. Focus groups or interviews obtained feedback from IBD patients of a major regional hospital, and health providers to IBD patients Australia-wide.Results: Findings were analysed using template analysis. Data saturation was reached at 19 participants (11 patients and 8 health professionals). Participants' perspectives on the ACT-based intervention were distributed across four themes: (1) Barriers to access and participation; (2) Timing in the illness trajectory; (3) ACT is useful for IBD; and (4) The more support, the better.Conclusion: The findings suggest that an ACT modality and blended delivery design is well received by patients and health professionals, providing recommendations to future researchers and clinicians on intervention design.