Efficiency of Ampicillin-Associated Biogenic Ferrihydrite Nanoparticles in Combination with a Magnetic Field for Local Treatment of Burns.

We studied the effectiveness of using magnetic ferrihydrite nanoparticles of bacterial origin carrying ampicillin for local treatment of burn wounds in rats using a magnetic field. It was found that the use of these nanoparticles in combination with a magnetic field accelerated wound healing and reduced the titer of microorganisms in comparison with the corresponding parameters in the untreated animals and animals treated with nanoparticles or ampicillin alone.

[Features of microsurgery of the vestibular larynx using CO and a diode laser]. / Osobennosti mikrokhirurgii vestibuliarnogo otdela gortani s ispol'zovaniem SO2-lazera i diodnogo lazera.

The purpose of the study was to evaluate the possibility of using and the effectiveness of CO2 and diode lasers in the microsurgery of the vestibular larynx. 85 surgical interventions were performed (using CO2 laser - 45, diode - 40) on the vestibular larynx of 52 patients (papillomatosis, cicatricial stenosis, cysts, hyperplastic laryngitis, initial stage of laryngeal cancer). The complications, duration of the intervention and inflammatory changes after the operation were assessed. In 3 (3.5%) cases, the use of CO2 laser was complicated by bleeding. The duration of the intervention with the use of a CO2 laser averaged 24±5.6 minutes, with a diode laser 30±5.4 minutes (p<0.05). In patients with a diode laser, edema, mucosal congestion, fibrin and pain were significantly longer than patients after using a CO2 laser (p<0.05). Thus, the use of CO2 laser in the surgical treatment of the vestibular laryngeal region occurs with less time, a less prolonged inflammatory response, but in some cases requires additional methods of hemostasis.

The theory of a "staphylococcus superantigen" in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: myth or reality?

OBJECTIVE: The aim of our study was to search for evidence of a "staphylococcus superantigen" in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Sixty-nine patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and 45 healthy controls were included in the study. All patients in the study and control groups underwent bacteriological and immunological examination on nasal smear samples. Total IgE and the following cytokines were tested in all patients: tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-1 (IL1), interleukin-6 (IL6), interleukin-8 (IL8). RESULTS: The concentration of bacteria in the nasal cavity was much higher in patients in the study group compared to those in the control group, mainly due to staphylococci. In species identification of staphylococci, bacteria most represented were S. aureus and S. epidermidis. The greater the concentration of S. aureus, the lower the level of IgE. Proinflammatory cytokines were uniformly increased in patients with nasal polyps. The level of IgE was maximal in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps with a poor growth of culture and minimal in patients with abundant growth, suggesting that in the latter the effect of eosinophilic inflammation on the disease was reduced, and conversely, the activity of eosinophilic inflammation was maximal with a poor seeding of the nasal cavity. CONCLUSIONS: Although this study has some limits, our findings do not support the theory of a staphylococcus superantigen in which the IgE level and eosinophilic inflammation should increase with increasing activity of Staphylococcus aureus. Further research supported by a larger sample of patients is required to better delineate the role of a staphylococcus superantigen in the pathogenesis of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

[The genetic aspects of occupational hearing impairment]. / Geneticheskie aspekty professional'noi neirosensornoi tugoukhosti.

This article was designed to be the overview of the current literature publications concerning the identification of the genetic markers of susceptibility to the noise-induced loss of hearing. The analysis of these data has demonstrated that the major gene polymorphisms associated with the development of this pathological condition are localized in the genes encoding for the antioxidant systems, potassium homeostasis, and adhesion molecules as well as in the genes involved in intercellular coupling, the mechanisms underlying the cellular response to stress, activation and regulation of heat shock proteins, and signaling function of the immune system. It is concluded that the further investigations into the genetic aspects of the full-genome sequencing techniques and the search for genomic associations could greatly contribute to the development of personalized medicine and the reduction of risks of occupational noise-induced sensorineural impairment of hearing.

Magnetic nanoparticles: a new tool for antibiotic delivery to sinonasal tissues. Results of preliminary studies.

Herein we examined the toxicity, penetration properties and ability of Fe2O3·nH2O magnetic nanoparticles extracted from silt of the Borovoye Lake (Krasnoyarsk, Russia) to bind an antibiotic. Experimental studies were carried out using magnetic nanoparticles alone and after antibiotic exposure in tissue samples from nasal mucosa, cartilage and bone (in vitro). Toxicity of particles was studied in laboratory animals (in vivo). Tissues removed at endonasal surgery (nasal mucosa, cartilage and bone of the nasal septum) were placed in solution containing nanoparticles and exposed to a magnetic field. Distribution of nanoparticles was determined by Perls' reaction. After intravenous injection, possible toxic effects of injected nanoparticles on the organs and tissues of rats were evaluated by histological examination. Binding between the nanoparticles and antibiotic (amoxicillin clavulanate) was studied using infrared spectroscopy. In 30 in vitro experiments, magnetisation of Fe2O3·nH2O nanoparticles resulted in their diffuse infiltration into the mucosa, cartilage and bone tissue of the nose and paranasal sinuses. Intravenous injection of 0.2 ml of magnetic nanoparticles into the rat's tail vein did not result in any changes in parenchymatous organs, and the nanoparticles were completely eliminated from the body within 24 hours. The interaction of nanoparticles with amoxicillin clavulanate was demonstrated by infrared spectroscopy. Positive results of experimental studies provide a basis for further clinical investigations of these magnetic nanoparticles and their use in otorhinolaryngology.

[A new method for the treatment of acute frontitis in the adult patients].

The objective of the study is to estimate the efficacy of Bioparox (fusafungine) when used for the treatment of the adult patients presenting with acute frontitis. Twenty two of the 45 patients with this condition were given adjuvant therapy using this preparation. It resulted in a decrease of the concentration of Staphylococcus aureus and S. epidermidis to 10 CFU/ml and 500 CFU/ml respectively. S. haemoliticus was completely eradicated. The concentrations of these microorganisms in patients of the control group were higher. The level of interleukin 1-beta in the secretion within 5 days after the onset of therapy was twice lower than in the patients of control group. The concentration of IL 1-beta in the serum of the treated with Bioparox patients was 4 pg/ml compared with 8 pg/ml in the control group. The efficacy of therapy of acute frontitis with fusafungine was confirmed in the X-ray study. It is concluded that the use of Bioparox for the management of acute frontitis increases the efficacy of the treatment and result in the marked improvement of the patients' condition within 5 days after the onset of therapy.

A method for introduction of magnetic nanoparticles into tissues by means of magnetic field gradient: an experimental study.

Targeted effects of magnetic nanoparticles were studied. Solution with iron-containing nanosubstance was applied to resected nasal bone and cartilage tissues. Magnetic field was generated by a Polus-101 device for low-frequency magnetotherapy, which provided permanent work of one inductor (10.14+/-19.56 mT). The results indicate that magnetic nanoparticles placed into magnetic field gradient penetrate into the thickness of the cartilage and bone tissues.

[Rationale for the use of local antibacterial therapy in the postoperative period following rhinosurgical interventions].

The objective of this study was to assess the appropriateness of using local antibacterial therapy in the postoperative period following rhinosurgical interventions based on the results of hemiluminescent, microbiological, and cytological studies. They included 20 patients who had underwent surgical intervention in the nasal cavity. The control group comprised 20 healthy subjects. The early postoperative period was characterized by a rise in the number and activity of neutrophilic granulocytes in blood and nasal mucosa along with a substantial increase of the abundance of bacterial flora in the nasal cavity. This suggests the necessity of local antibacterial therapy during the postoperative period following rhinosurgical interventions. Bioparox (fusafungine) spray is recommended as the optimal antibacterial preparation for the purpose by virtue of its broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity and strong anti-inflammatory action. Bioparox has an advantage over other sprays and aerosols in terms of pharmacokinetic characteristics.

[Experience with the use of magnetic nanoparticles in medicine and prospects for their application in otorhinolaringology].

The literature review of the methods for application of magnetic nanoparticles in different fields of medicine is presented. The paper summarizes the 40 year-long experience of Russian and foreign scientists with the use of magnetic suspensions, liquids, and particles with magnetic carriers from 10 to 1000 nm in diameter. Results of recent studies are presented, prospects for the development and application of nanomedical techniques in otorhinolaringology are discussed.

[The new scheme of cavinton application to the treatment of chronic neurosensory loss of hearing].

The objective of this study was to evaluate results of the new therapeutic modality for the management of chronic neurosensory loss of hearing based on the use of caviton. The open randomized study involved 50 patients. Criteria for the efficiency of therapy included the patients' complaints, self-evaluation of tympanophonia based on the visual-analogous scale, results of audiologic examination and Doppler ultrasound of carotid and vertebral arteries. Significant improvement of audiologic characteristics was documented in 80% of the patients; ultrasound examination showed that most of them tended to benefit from caviton therapy and reported reduction of tympanophonia. It is concluded that the new caviton dosing scheme for the treatment of neurosecretory loss of hearing is well tolerated by the patients and can be recommended for more extensive clinical application.