ABSTRACT
In the present study, the preparation and characterization of bovine serum albumin (BSA) microspheres and the evaluation of the in vitro cytotoxicity of these microspheres on acute promyelocytic leukaemia (HL-60) cells were described. Mitoxantrone (MTZ)-incorporated microspheres were evaluated for particle size, drug loading, release characteristics and surface morphology. The biological effect of MTZ released from BSA microspheres was determined on an in vitro cultured HL-60 cell line, showing that, after encapsulation, MTZ still retains cytotoxic activity. For this purpose, methyl-thiazol-tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxicity of MTZ-loaded microspheres. Particle size of BSA microspheres was determined between 17.61-20.38 microm and they were smooth and spherical in shape. Encapsulation efficiency of the drug-loaded microspheres was between 22.26-60.50%. For MTZ-containing microspheres, the cell death ratios were greater than 80% for all formulations. This study demonstrate that BSA microspheres were well suited for the controlled release of MTZ and were promising for anti-cancer chemotherapy.
Subject(s)
Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use , HL-60 Cells/drug effects , Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/drug therapy , Mitoxantrone/therapeutic use , Animals , Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacokinetics , Drug Carriers , Drug Compounding/methods , Humans , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Microspheres , Mitoxantrone/pharmacokinetics , Particle Size , Serum Albumin, Bovine , Surface PropertiesABSTRACT
UNLABELLED: This study compared the smear layer removing capability and cytotoxicity of NaOCl, EDTA and Oxidative Potential Water (OPW). Fifteen extracted single-rooted human upper incisors were examined in three groups. The root canals were enlarged to the apical foramen with K files to size #60 and irrigated with: (a) NaOCl followed by OPW, (b) OPW during and after instrumentation and (c) NaOCl followed by EDTA and NaOCl. The effect of these irrigants on the smear layer was evaluated using a scanning electron microscope. In vitro cytotoxicity of these irrigants was examined by MTT colorimetric assay. We found that the combination of NaOCl and OPW as well as the application of OPW alone, failed to remove the smear layer from the apical third, whereas the EDTA and NaOCl combination achieved complete removal. OPW, when used during and after instrumentation, removed the smear layer in the middle third more effectively than NaOCl followed by OPW. EDTA exerted more cytotoxic effects at all concentrations tested when compared with OPW and NaOCl. IN CONCLUSION: (a) OPW was less cytotoxic than other irrigants but did not effectively remove the smear layer, (b) treatment with EDTA followed by NaOCl efficiently removed of the smear layer, but their cytotoxicity should be considered during endodontic therapy.
Subject(s)
Dental Pulp Cavity/drug effects , Dentin/drug effects , Edetic Acid/pharmacology , Root Canal Irrigants/pharmacology , Smear Layer , Sodium Hypochlorite/pharmacology , Water/pharmacology , Animals , Anti-Infective Agents, Local/pharmacology , Anti-Infective Agents, Local/toxicity , Cell Division/drug effects , Cell Survival/drug effects , Cells, Cultured , Chelating Agents/pharmacology , Chelating Agents/toxicity , Colorimetry , Coloring Agents , Dental Pulp Cavity/ultrastructure , Dentin/ultrastructure , Edetic Acid/toxicity , Fibroblasts/drug effects , Humans , Incisor , Linear Models , Mice , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Root Canal Irrigants/toxicity , Root Canal Preparation , Sodium Hypochlorite/toxicity , Tetrazolium Salts , ThiazolesABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of some calcium phosphate-based sealers (Sankin apatite root canal sealers (SARCS) types 1 to 3) in comparison with currently used sealers (CRCS, Ketac Endo, AH26, and Endomethasone) by using MTT assay on L929 cells. Monolayer cell cultures were prepared on 96-well plates. After incubation at 37 degrees C in a humidified 5% CO2-containing air atmosphere for 24 h in the presence of each sealer extracts, 25 microliters of 5 mg/ml of MTT in saline were added into each well and incubated a further 3 h at 37 degrees C. A solubilization buffer consisting of 23% sodium dodecyl sulfate in 50% N,N-dimethylformamide (pH 4.7) was used to dissolve formazan precipitate. The optical densities of the plates were then read by a microplate spectrophotometer at 570 nm. Greater magnitude of optical density due to intense blue coloring is regarded as showing a higher percentage of cell viability. Among the different types of sealers, SARCS types 1 to 3 and CRCS did not exert any cytotoxic effects, whereas AH26, Ketac Endo, and Endomethasone produced some cytotoxicity.
