ABSTRACT
The fate of modern personal care products in the environment is becoming a matter of increasing concern because of the growing production and assortment of these compounds. More and more chemicals of this class are treated as emerging contaminants. Transformation of commercially available products in the environment may result in the formation of a wide array of their metabolites. Personal care products in swimming pools and in drinking water reservoirs may undergo oxidation or chlorination. There is much data on the formation of more toxic metabolites from original low toxicity commercial products. Therefore, reliable identification of all possible transformation products and a thorough study of their physicochemical and biological properties are of high priority. The present study deals with the identification of the products of the aquatic chlorination of the hexyl 2-[4-(diethylamino)-2-hydroxybenzoyl]-benzoate ultraviolet filter. High-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS) and HPLC/MS/MS with accurate mass measurements were used for this purpose. As a result, three chlorinated transformation products were identified.
Subject(s)
Benzoates/chemistry , Chlorine Compounds/chemistry , Sodium Hypochlorite/chemistry , Sunscreening Agents/chemistry , Water Pollutants, Chemical/chemistry , Benzoates/analysis , Chlorine Compounds/analysis , Chromatography, Liquid/methods , Halogenation , Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization/methods , Sunscreening Agents/analysis , Water Pollutants, Chemical/analysisABSTRACT
Influence of vinblastine (VLB) on the rate of oxygen uptake by HeLa cells was studied using the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) method. A suspension of cells was labelled with spin probe 15N PDT. Broadening of the EPR spectrum line widths in the presence of O2 was used to measure its concentration throughout the sample. VLB decreased the rate of O2 consumption, but did not influence the viability of cells at the concentration used (1 ng/ml). In addition, intracellular O2 concentration was measured using a paramagnetic broadening agent CrOX. No significant difference in the intracellular O2 concentration with respect to the extracellular was observed neither in VLB treated nor in untreated cells.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/pharmacology , Cell Respiration/drug effects , Oximetry/methods , Vinblastine/pharmacology , Depression, Chemical , Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy , HeLa Cells , Humans , Oxygen Consumption/drug effects , Spin LabelsABSTRACT
KIE: The authors predict that the Diagnosis Related Group (DRG) system for prospective reimbursement of hospitals under Medicare, also used by several state Medicaid programs, will almost certainly be adopted in some version by private health insurers. Their thesis is that such a drastic alteration in health care economics will reduce access to care, compromise its quality, impede the development of new medical technologies, and accelerate the takeover of American medicine by large, for-profit corporations. Dolenc and Dougherty argue for an alternative system based on the assumption that health care is a right, not a commodity. In the interim they propose modifications in the DRG scheme to protect access to care by vulnerable groups and to subsidize non-profit hospitals by taxing for-profit ones.^ieng
