ABSTRACT
Introducción: El manejo de los gliomas cerebrales durante las últimas cuatro décadas ha sufrido cambios relevantes en su estudio y tratamiento. Dentro de estos cambios se encuentra el desarrollo de técnicas imagenológicas, neurofisiológicas e histopatológicas. El presente trabajo intenta estimar el impacto que la utilización de dichas tecnologías ha tenido sobre el pronóstico de los pacientes. Material y método: Revisión exhaustiva de la literatura en medios digitales e impresos abarcando mayormente publicaciones y comunicaciones desde la década de 1980 hasta el presente. Se expone 1 caso sometido recientemente a cirugía por los autores en el que se utilizaron varias de estas herramientas, presentando el análisis que se llevó a cabo en la planificación quirúrgica. Resultados: La literatura muestra mejorías consistentes pero discretas en el pronóstico asociado al uso de tecnologías complementarias intraoperatorias en gliomas cerebrales, relacionadas a la ayuda que prestarían en la extensión de la resección tumoral y en la preservación funcional. Conclusiones: La utilización intensiva de las tecnologías complementarias descritas parece recomendable si la planificación quirúrgica anticipa beneficios fundados en cuanto a morbi-mortalidad para un paciente en particular. Se debe ser cauto en anticipar y generalizar el impacto pronóstico global que puedan tener, beneficio que es consistente en la literatura pero que en estos momentos parece modesto en términos generales en especial para gliomas de alto grado.
Introduction: The management of cerebral gliomas during the last four decades has undergone relevant changes in terms of its study and treatment. Among these changes is the development of imaging, neurophysiological and histopathological techniques. The present study attempts to estimate the impact that the use of these technologies has had on the prognosis of patients. Material and Method: Comprehensive review of the literature in digital and print media covering mostly publications and communications from the 1980s to the present. 1 case recently submitted to surgery by the authors in which several of these tools were used is exposed, presenting the analysis that was carried out in the surgical planning. Results: The literature shows consistent but discrete improvements in the prognosis associated with the use of intraoperative complementary technologies in cerebral gliomas, related to the help they would provide in the extension of tumor resection and functional preservation. Conclusions: The intensive use of the complementary technologies described seems advisable if surgical planning anticipates well-founded benefits in terms of morbidity and mortality for a particular patient. Caution should be exercised in anticipating and generalizing the global prognostic impact they may have, a benefit that is consistent in the literature but currently seems modest in general terms especially for high grade gliomas.
Subject(s)
Mechanical Phenomena , Sound/adverse effects , Thermal Diffusion , Ultrasonography/adverse effects , Ultrasonography/instrumentation , Bone and Bones/diagnostic imaging , Bone and Bones/radiation effects , Connective Tissue/diagnostic imaging , Connective Tissue/radiation effects , Device Approval , Humans , Image Processing, Computer-Assisted , Maximum Allowable Concentration , Radiation Monitoring , Reference Values , Ultrasonography/methods , Ultrasonography/standards , United States , United States Food and Drug AdministrationABSTRACT
Pulse wave analysis permits non-invasive assessment of arterial elasticity indices. The contour varies in different parts of the circulation. It depends on physiological or pathophysiological conditions of the organism. The pathological events like arteriosclerosis or diabetes have a primary effect to the artery elasticity. Hypertension or some heart diseases also influence the pulse wave velocity and resulted in earlier wave reflections. There are several methods of pulse wave measurements based on different principles and depending on the type of measured pulse wave. The evaluation parameters can be assessed from the time domain, derivations, velocity or frequency domain. The main aim of this review article is to offer a recent overview of pulse wave measurement parameters and main results obtained. The principles of pulse wave measurement and current experience in clinical practice are shortly discussed too.
Subject(s)
Arteries/physiology , Pulsatile Flow/physiology , Animals , Heart Rate/physiology , Humans , Hypertension/metabolismABSTRACT
Several recent studies bring evidence of cell death enhancement in photodynamic compound loaded cells by ultrasonic treatment. There are a number of hypotheses suggesting the mechanism of the harmful ultrasonic effect. One of them considers a process in the activation of photosensitizers by ultrasonic energy. Because the basis of the photodynamic damaging effect on cells consists in the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), we focused our study on whether the ultrasound can increase ROS production within cancer cells. Particularly, we studied ROS formation in ultrasound pretreated breast adenocarcinoma cells during photodynamic therapy in the presence of chloroaluminum phthalocyanine disulfonate (ClAlPcS2). Production of ROS was investigated by the molecular probe CM-H2DCFDA. Our results show that ClAlPcS2 induces higher ROS production in the ultrasound pretreated cell lines at a concentration of 100 microM and light intensity of 2 mW/cm2. We also observed a dependence of ROS production on photosensitizer concentration and light dose. These results demonstrate that the photodynamic effect on breast cancer cells can be enhanced by ultrasound pretreatment.
Subject(s)
Adenocarcinoma/therapy , Breast Neoplasms/therapy , Organometallic Compounds/therapeutic use , Photochemotherapy , Photosensitizing Agents/therapeutic use , Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism , Ultrasonic Therapy , Adenocarcinoma/metabolism , Adenocarcinoma/pathology , Breast Neoplasms/metabolism , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Shape/drug effects , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Female , Humans , Organometallic Compounds/pharmacology , Photosensitizing Agents/pharmacology , Time FactorsABSTRACT
A measuring system evaluating a Point Spread Function generated in an ultrasonographic image by scanning a spherical target was developed. The target is moved in measuring bath filled by water over scanned volume via 3D computer controlled positioning system. A video signal obtained is converted to digital form and analyzed by original software to derive various objective parameters of the imager as follows: Focal areas in both the azimuth and the elevation directions, Ultrasound scanning lines visualisation, Manufacturer preloaded TGC, Width of the scanning plane, Side lobe levels and Amplification uniformity in the azimuth direction. The method was verified by testing 18 different equipments in 282 measurements. Samples of particular measurement results in form of graphical outputs are included. Medical and physiological impacts of this approach are discussed.
Subject(s)
Image Enhancement , Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted , Imaging, Three-Dimensional , Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted , Ultrasonography/methods , Phantoms, Imaging , Reproducibility of Results , Software , Ultrasonography/instrumentationABSTRACT
The quality of sonographic instruments is vital for accurate medical diagnosis. To overcome one subjective problem associated with sonographic equipment, we have designed a system for objective instrument evaluation that is simple, accurate and valid. The system described fulfills the criteria for solving the outlined problem and enables us now to measure the parameters of both the axial and transversal resolutions. Additionally we can appreciate dynamic range of signal, gray scale parameters, the amplitude of video-signal and level of side lobes. To evaluate our method we examined two sonographies with different transducers working on the frequencies of 3 and/or 5 MHz. The method gives reliable results for sonographies quality assessment.
Subject(s)
Ultrasonography/standards , Phantoms, Imaging , Quality ControlABSTRACT
The method and conditions of medical information technology teaching represent a direct reflection of both significant progress of information technology and change in public approach to computer techniques. Over the years, the content of the course has been changed to a large extent. It is a result of the existing wide scale of available program products, modernization of local computer network and information technology classrooms and especially common attempt to availability of Internet. The computer-literacy of students is increasing as well as the number and quality of specialized teaching programs and demands of theoretical subjects of study. However the level of computer-literacy of individual students is getting to be widely different. In answer to this situation our institute reacts by some measures, described here. The aim of this paper is to raise a discussion about them and about this issue and to learn more about the approaches and practise in other institutes. In our opinion, a general integration of the main features of the medical information technology teaching courses at Medical Faculties would be the most effective result.
Subject(s)
Education, Medical, Undergraduate , Medical Informatics/education , Teaching , Czech RepublicABSTRACT
Ovarian growth was monitored by ultrasound and plasma hormonal levels (E2, LH, FSH, progesterone) in 124 cycles of 71 patients. Providing a direct view of follicular maturation, ultrasound can help in the determination of the best time for the induction of ovulation. Examining the speed of follicular growth we can predict some ovulatory dysfunction.
