[Effects of efferent therapy on the blood oxygen transporting function in diffuse suppurative peritonitis in patients with diabetes mellitus]. / Vliianie éfferentnoi terapii na kislorodtransportnuiu funktsiiu krovi pri razlitom gnoinom peritonite u bol'nykh sakharnym diabetom.

Twenty patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus were treated in intensive care wards for diffuse purulent peritonitis developing during diabetes decompensation. Group 1 (10 pts) were treated by basic therapy after surgery, in group 2 (10 pts) basic therapy was supplemented by hemoquantum, efferent, and oxidative therapy with consideration for endotoxicosis phases. Basic therapy during the early postoperative period did not remove disorders in the blood oxygen-transporting function, while sessions of hemoquantum, efferent, and oxidative therapy supplementing basic therapy with consideration for the phases of endotoxicosis improved this function due to decrease of intoxication, diabetes compensation, and increase of cardiac output.

[Differences in ipsilateral afferent currents in rats with and without pain syndrome in trigeminal neuropathy]. / Razlichiia v ipsilateral'nykh afferentnykh potokakh u krys s razvivshimsia i nerazvivshimsia bolevym sindromom pri trigeminal'noi neiropatii.

Ipsilateral evoked potentials in the caudal trigeminal nucleus, ventrobasal thalamus, and cortex during electrical stimulation of the injured and opposite intact nerves were studied in rats with trigeminal neuropathy caused by partial compression of the infraorbital nerve. In spite of abnormally increased long latent evoked activity in the caudal nucleus ipsilaterally to compression, amplitude asymmetry of the ipsilateral thalamic and cortical evoked potentials in rats with pain syndrome was shown to be absent during nerve stimulation of the snout sides. In rats without pain-evoked potentials in the caudal nucleus during injured nerve stimulation had small differences as compared with the latter group. At that time, the increased magnitude of ipsilateral evoked potentials at uninjured nerve stimulation was recorded in all structures in rats without pain syndrome as compared with the pain syndrome group and sham-operated rats, and as compared with ipsilateral evoked potentials during injured nerve stimulation in rats without pain syndrome. The neuropathic pain syndrome is considered to result from the formation of the pathologic algic system with a generator of abnormality enhanced excitation which arises in the nonspecific nociceptive structures in response to specific structural injury. This alternative process is the compensative increase in the ipsilateral input of agents into the brain cortex from the intact nerve that prevents the development of its abnormal activities.

[Effect of lithium gamma-hydroxybutyrate on evoked potentials in the caudal trigeminal nucleus and somatosensory cortex in rats with trigeminal neuropathy]. / Vliianie gamma-oksibutirata litiia na vyzvannye potentsialy v kaudal'nom trigeminal'nom iadre i somatosensornoi kore u krys s trigeminal'noi neiropatiei.

Lithium gamma-hydroxybutyrate (20 mg/kg, i.e.) was studied for effects on the evoked potentials (EP) in the caudal trigeminal nucleus (CTN) and somatosensory cortex (SSC) in acute tests on rats with trigeminal neuropathy induced by incomplete compression of the infraorbital nerve. Before drug administration, EPs in CTN on the side of nerve compression were characterized by the increased amplitude of presynaptic R1N1 and late postsynaptic P3N3-P4N4 components and by the reduction in the early postsynaptic P2N2 component. In the contralateral CTN, EP had higher amplitudes. Spontaneous epileptoid activity was recorded in CTN in a third of the animals and in SSC in a half. These changes are regarded as a result of A-delta-C-afferent entry due to attenuation of afferentation along A-beta fibers. After administration of the drug, there was suppression of EP in SSC, while in CTN there was a decrease in the amplitude of the EP presynaptic component with increases in the postsynaptic components. There was suppression of abnormally enhanced spontaneous activity in CT and SSC. The findings are under discussion in terms of the cortical action of the drug resulting in the suppression of the abnormally enhanced activity developed in the brain projectional regions in nerve compression lesion.

[The role of zinc ions in the pathogenesis of trigeminal neuralgia (experimental and clinical research)]. / Rol' ionov tsinka v patogeneze trigeminal'noi nevralgii (éksperimental'no-klinicheskoe issledovanie).

In order to make clear the role of zinc (Zn) ions in the pathogenesis of trigeminal neuralgia (TN) the investigations of rats with the compression model of TN as well as on false operated animals were carried out. In 1.5 months after the intraorbital nerve compression the increase of Zn concentration in caudal trigeminal nucleus and (to a less degree) in hippocampus as well as behavioural and pathophysiological pain correlates were revealed. The exogenous Zn introduction led to an increase of its level in these structures simultaneously with the exacerbation of all sings of the TN syndrome. The addition of chelating agents Xydiphone which bound bivalent cations in soft tissues, into drinking water, normalized the Zn content in rats brain and reduced the pathological symptoms. The use of Xydiphone in the complex therapy of 25 patients with the TN tolerant to carbamazepine reduced the pain syndrome in 15 cases. Thus the local changes of Zn level in the CNS may play a certain role in the manifestation of the TN pain syndrome.

[Behavioral signs of neuropathic pain in cats due to compression of the infraorbital nerve]. / Povedencheskie priznaki neiropaticheskoi boli u koshek vsledstvie kompressii infraorbital'nogo nerva.

The changes in behavioral reactions were studied in cats after incomplete compression of the infraorbital nerve by means of two ligatures as a model of trigeminal neuropathy. It was found that there appeared a behaviour protective the damaged side of the face, sudden standstills of the animals which threw their head back and raised their anterior paws to the face, as well as inhibition of motor activity. Decreases in the nociceptive threshold and the threshold of emotionally affective responses to lip electrostimulation as the sensory threshold increased. These behavioral changes are regarded as signs of spontaneous pain and hyperalgesia in animals with nerve compression, and the used model is considered to be adequate for studying the mechanisms of neuropathic pain.

[The formation of a pathological system in rats with neuropathic trigeminal neuralgia]. / Formirovanie patologicheskoi sistemy u krys s neiropaticheskoi trigeminal'noi nevralgiei.

The intensity of clinical manifestations (rubbing of the oro-facial area with skin injury), bioelectric activity of the somatosensory cortex and microcirculatory disturbances were studied for 6 weeks in Wistar rats with partial infraorbital nerve compression. These parameters were compared among rats of the following groups: without skin rubbing (1), with them (2), with repaired skin (3) after nerve compression and sham-operated rats (4). A correlation between the intensity of clinical manifestations and microcirculatory disturbances was shown. Epileptiform cortex activity was observed in 100% and 75% rats of the 2nd and 3rd groups, respectively, while in group 1 this per cent decreased time. These results are discussed with regard to the formation of pathologic algic system which underlies the pain syndrome and affects peripheral target organs.

[Dynamics of changes in rat cerebral cortex electrical activity with neuropathic trigeminal neuralgia]. / Dinamika izmenenii élektricheskoi aktivnosti v kore bol'shogo mozga u krys s neiropaticheskoi trigeminal'noi nevralgiei.

The dynamics of expressivity of spontaneous epileptiformic activity, increase of evoked potentials, afterdischarges in somatosensory cortex were studied in the rats with infraorbital nerve compression in acute experiments during 6 months. It was shown that these changes were more expressed in hemisphere, contralateral to compressed nerve and were recorded during 1 week after compression already. In the course of time frequency of the recording of the spontaneous epileptiformic activity in the rat population increased while evoked potential increase and after discharges were more expressed in 3-6 weeks after compression. This dynamics is evidence the supposition about formation of central generator of pathologically increased excitation and pathological system which includes of both hemispheres.

[Changes in the bioelectrical activity of the brain cortex in rats with infraorbital nerve compression]. / Izmenenie bioélektricheskoi aktivnosti kory bol'shogo mozga u krys s kompressiei infraorbital'nogo nerva.

Bioelectrical activity of the somatosensory cortex was studied in the Wistar rats with chronic (1.5-2 months) compression of the infraorbital nerve produced by two partial ligations. In 20% of rats spike-slow wave complex and slow waves were observed. Electrostimulation of the skin on the injured nerve side resulted in a considerable increase in the amplitude of early components of the contralaterally evoked potentials in comparison with the non-injured side stimulation in 75% of rats. A decrease in the evoked potential thresholds on the injured nerve stimulation was shown in both hemispheres. In most of the animals a hypersynchronous late component of the evoked potential was observed.

[The effect of electroacupuncture on the neuronal responses of the oral trigeminal nucleus in the cat during nociceptive and non-nociceptive stimulation]. / Vliianie élektroakupunktury na otvety neironov oral'nogo iadra koshki pri notsiteptivnoi i nenotsitseptivnoi stimuliatsii.

Effects of electroacupuncture (EAP) on the responses of different functional types of neurons of the oral trigeminal nucleus (OTN) by nociceptive and non-nociceptive stimulation were studied in acute experiments on adult cats. It was demonstrated that the main part of neurons of the OTN is a wide dynamic range of neurons. Characteristic feature of the OTN is neurons with low-threshold pulp afferent input. EAP inhibit nociceptive responses of neurons (preferentially nonspecific neurons), while responses to non-nociceptive stimulation are not changed at all. The results are discussed from the point of view that OTN takes part in nociceptive and non-nociceptive reactions.

[Changes in the jaw-opening reflex during anesthesia resulting from auricular electrostimulation]. / Izmenenie refleksa otkryvaniia rta pri obezbolivanii v rezul'tate aurikuliarnoi élektrostimuliatsii.

The effect of auricular electrostimulation on the jaw opening reflex and affective behaviour of adult cats was studied in chronic experiments during stimulation of the lip. Auricular electrostimulation was shown to facilitate the jaw opening reflex and to inhibit the affective component of the pain.

[Effect of the destruction of the oral and caudal trigeminal nuclei on pain sensitivity in cats]. / Vliianie razrusheniia oral'nogo i kaudal'nogo trigeminal'nykh iader nabolevuiu chuvstvitel'nost' u koshek.

Structural changes of nociceptive response after separate lesions of the oral and caudal trigeminal nuclei were studied in chronic experiments on adult cats. The lesion of the oral nucleus was shown to increase pain response and that of the caudal nucleus--to cause its inhibition. A relationship between the specific and non-specific projection systems of the brain in the development of pain is discussed.

[Modulating influence of the 2d somatosensory cortex of the cerebral cortex on the effects of electroacupuncture on the trigeminal nuclei]. / Moduliruiushchee vliianie vtoroi somatosensornoi oblasti kory bolshikh polusharii mozga na éffekty élektroakupunktury v trigeminal'nykh iadrakh.

The effect of reversible functional inactivation of the second somatosensory cortex of the cerebral hemispheres on changes in the transmission of the afferent signals in the trigeminal nuclei after electroacupuncture was studied in acute experiments on adult cats anesthetized with hexenal (59 mg/kg i. p.). After functional inactivation of the second somatosensory cortex electroacupuncture failed to facilitate the evoked potentials in the oral trigeminal nucleus by stimulation of the tooth pulp and the lip of the mouth. In the caudal nucleus, the inhibitory effect of electroacupuncture on noxious stimulation decreased. The involvement of this brain cortex in the mechanisms of action of electroacupuncture on functionally different nuclei is discussed.

[Effect of electroacupuncture and morphine on evoked potentials in the oral and caudal trigeminal nuclei in the cat]. / Vliianie élektroakupunktury i morfina na vyzvannye potentsialy v oral'nom i kaudal'nom trigeminal'nykh iadrakh koshki.

Electroacupuncture effects on the functions of the oral and caudal trigeminal nuclei were comparatively analyzed in acute experiments on cats narcotized by hexinal (50 mg/kg). Responses evoked in the caudal nucleus by tooth pulp stimulation were inhibited while responses to mouth mucosa stimulation remained unchanged. In the oral nucleus responses to both types of stimulation were relieved. The same results were obtained in an experiment with systemic injection of morphine (5 mg/kg). It is suggested that different parts of the caudal nucleus are responsible for the transmission of discriminative and diffuse components of the nociceptive signals to the specific and nonspecific projection systems. The oral nucleus may be involved in the transmission of signals about mouth lesions conveying the necessity for defense reactions.