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1.
Psicol. conduct ; 29(3): 699-719, 2021. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-225467

ABSTRACT

Interiorización y exteriorización han sido estudiados como tendencias o rasgos de la personalidad, próximos a los conceptos de neuroticismo y extraversión, relacionados con la estructura bifactorial del afecto y con el estilo de afrontamiento. Este trabajo examina su interacción en personas con trastorno de personalidad (n= 358). El afecto negativo (AN) es superior en los interiorizadores que en los exteriorizadores (g= 0,62); también la gravedad sintomatológica (GSI: g= 0,60). Los análisis de mediación muestran que el efecto del tipo de personalidad sobre el GSI está mediado parcialmente por la disposición afectiva y por el estilo de afrontamiento. El 88,1% de la muestra presenta un estilo de afrontamiento desfavorable y su frecuencia es mayor entre los interiorizadores (93% vs 83%; χ2= 7,23; p= 0,007). Pero el subgrupo de interiorizadores con estilo de afrontamiento favorable (EAF) no se diferencia de los exteriorizadores con EAF en AN (p= 0,428) ni en GSI (p= 0,082). Independientemente de la estructura de la personalidad, el aprendizaje de estrategias favorables y adaptativas puede mejorar el estado psicopatológico de pacientes graves (AU)


The concepts of internalization and externalization have been proposed as personality tendencies or traits related to the constructs of neuroticism and extraversion. They have been associated to the bifactorial structure of affect and also to the coping style. This paper examines the interaction of personality, affect and coping in a sample of people diagnosed with personality disorder (n= 358). Negative affect (NA) in internalizers is higher than in externalizers (g= 0.62), and so is the severity of symptoms (GSI: g= 0.60). Mediation analyses show that personality type produces an indirect effect on GSI, with NA and coping style as partial mediators. 88.1 % of the sample has an unfavourable coping style (U-CS). The frequency of U-CS among internalizers is bigger than among externalizers (93% vs 83%; χ2= 7.23, p= .007). However, the subgroup of internalizers with a favourable coping style (F-CS) shows no difference with externalizers with the same F-CS, either in NA (p= .428) or in GSI (p= .082). Regardless of personality structure, promoting adaptive strategies of coping can alleviate the psycopathology of severe patients (AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Personality Disorders/psychology , Affective Disorders, Psychotic/psychology , Neuroticism , Adaptation, Psychological , Severity of Illness Index
2.
Clín. salud ; 31(1): 1-12, mar. 2020. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-191911

ABSTRACT

Los problemas de conceptualización de los trastornos de personalidad (TP) y su acomodo con el resto de las patologías siguen suscitando un prometedor esfuerzo investigador y clínico que va dando frutos al identificar procesos transdiagnósticos y proponer modelos heurísticos de interacción. Desde el marco de la personalidad como diátesis, estudiamos en una muestra de personas con TP grave (N = 310) el papel mediador de diversas variables en la gravedad sintomatológica. Mediante análisis de conglomerados hallamos una tipología bidimensional que divide de manera exhaustiva y exclusiva al 100% de los participantes. El análisis de mediación revela que el efecto de la personalidad como continuum unidimensional en gravedad sintomatológica está mediado por pensamientos automáticos negativos y fusión cognitiva; su efecto como tipología bidimensional (internalización y externalización) parece mediado solo por pensamientos automáticos. Se discuten los hallazgos e implicaciones de cara al nuevo paradigma de una ciencia clínica basada en procesos


The problems of conceptualization of personality disorders (PD) and their adjustment within the rest of pathologies continue to boost a promising research and clinical effort that helps to identify transdiagnostic processes and suggestheuristic interaction models. Understanting personality from the framework of diathesis, we analized the mediating role of a number of variables in symptom severity in a sample of people with severe PD (N = 310). By means of cluster analysis, we found a two-dimension typology that divides exhaustively and exclusively 100% of the participants. Mediation analyses found that personality as a one-dimension continuum has an effect on symptomatic severity mediated by negative automatic thoughts and by cognitive fusion; its effect as a two-dimension typology (internalization and externalization) appears to be mediated only by automatic thoughts. These findings and their implications are discussed in the context of a new paradigm of a process-based clinical science


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Personality Disorders/psychology , Personality Disorders/classification , Severity of Illness Index , Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
3.
Clín. salud ; 31(1): 47-53, mar. 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | IBECS | ID: ibc-191915

ABSTRACT

The identification of transdiagnostic mediating processes involved in a therapeutic change and their relationship with personality can contribute to a better adjustment of a therapeutic technique, enhancing its effectiveness. In a sample of 158 adults diagnosed with personality disorder who complete an inpatient therapeutic community program for 6 months, the hypothesis of a differential reduction in symptom intensity according to the externalizer/internalizer typology is tested, and cognitive variables mediating change are explored. A pre-post change (p = .000, etap2 = .50) is observed, along with a difference between externalizers and internalizers (p = .002, etap2 = .06), and an interaction effect (p = .037, etap2 = .03). The effect of personality type on symptom change (Beta = .43, p = .009) is no longer significant when negative automatic thoughts and dysfunctional attitudes are considered as mediators (Beta = .06, p = .549). Findings are discussed from the perspective of personality disorder as a vulnerability factor


La identificación de procesos mediadores transdiagnósticos intervinientes en el cambio terapéutico y su relación con la personalidad puede contribuir a un mejor ajuste de la técnica terapéutica, potenciando su eficacia. En una muestra de 158 adultos diagnosticados de trastorno de personalidad inscritos en un programa de comunidad terapéutica hospitalaria durante 6 meses se pone a prueba la hipótesis de una reducción diferencial de laintensidad sintomatológica según la tipología externalizador/internalizador y se exploran las variables cognitivas mediadoras del cambio. Se observa un cambio pre-post (p = .000, Etap2 = .50), la diferencia entre externalizadores e internalizadores (p = .002, Etap2 = .06) y el efecto de interacción (p = .037, Etap2 = .03). El efecto del tipo de personalidad sobre el cambio en los síntomas (Beta = .43, p = .009) deja de ser significativo cuando se consideran los pensamientos automáticos negativos y las actitudes disfuncionales (Beta = .06, p = .549) como mediadores. Se discuten los resultados desde la perspectiva del trastorno de personalidad como factor de vulnerabilidad


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Personality Disorders/therapy , Community Psychiatry , Cognitive Behavioral Therapy , Outcome Assessment, Health Care
4.
J Child Adolesc Psychopharmacol ; 17(4): 487-502, 2007 Aug.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17822343

ABSTRACT

There has been a remarkable increase in prescription rates of antipsychotics in children and adolescents in recent years. Their side effects are a neglected area of research in this population, despite its vulnerability. In this cross-sectional study, we compared the presence of side effects in 60 children and adolescents who had taken antipsychotic medication for less than 1 month and 66 who had been receiving treatment with antipsychotics for more than 12 months. Mean age for the total sample was 15.62 years (SD 1.85). Groups did not differ in age, gender, or diagnosis. A total of 21.7% of short-term treatment group patients and 37.9% of longer-term treatment group patients presented mild dyskinetic movements (p = 0.004). Hyperprolactinemia was present in 78.6% and 48.5% in the short-term and longer-term treatment groups, respectively. Body mass index (p < 0.001), cholesterol levels (p < 0.001), and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) (p = 0.018) were higher in the longer-term treatment group. The use of these drugs in these populations merits careful scrutiny.


Subject(s)
Antipsychotic Agents/adverse effects , Cholesterol/metabolism , Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced/etiology , Hyperprolactinemia/chemically induced , Adolescent , Body Mass Index , Child , Cholesterol, LDL/drug effects , Cholesterol, LDL/metabolism , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Female , Humans , Longitudinal Studies , Male , Time Factors
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