The use of hormones indicators in human saliva in diagnosing parodontitis in pregnant women.

AIMS: The purpose of this work- was to study the dynamics of biochemical parameters of human saliva and analyze the features of the chemical composition of the saliva of women with abnormal pregnancy and in periodontitis against pregnancy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: THE STUDY INCLUDED FOUR GROUPS OF WOMEN: a control group of nonpregnant women of childbearing age (10), pregnant women with physiological pregnancy (24-28 weeks) without any signs of periodontal disease (10), pregnant with a generalized periodontitis I--II degrees in remission (10), women with pathological pregnancy with no signs of periodontal inflammation (10). In each of the groups over two samples of saliva were collected, the first collection of saliva in the morning on an empty stomach. Then mouthwash 0.9% sodium chloride solution was assigned and after 30 minutes the second portion of saliva. By enzyme immunoassay in samples of saliva of control groups of nonpregnant and pregnant women, as well as women with signs of a pathological course of pregnancy, the content of estriol, testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate was determined. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Statistical data analysis was performed by the standard technique using Student's t-test. RESULTS: The results of biochemical analysis of saliva samples collected before rinsing the mouth with saline in groups of healthy nonpregnant and pregnant women were compared. It was established that during pregnancy the concentration of salivary estriol increases, but in pregnant women with periodontitis, the amount of this hormone in the saliva was significantly reduced. The highest content of testosterone in saliva samples, observed in healthy pregnant women, was significantly higher than nonpregnant women. In pregnant women with periodontitis concentration of testosterone in saliva is reduced, while remaining significantly higher than its level in the saliva of nonpregnant women. The highest concentration of testosterone is observed in the saliva of healthy pregnant women with periodontitis, but the smallest concentration of testosterone is found in the saliva of nonpregnant women. Also the nonpregnant group has the lowest levels of DHEA in pregnancy, and its content increases almost threefold when periodontal disease further grows. CONCLUSIONS: It was established that periodontitis against pregnancy is characterized by higher levels of salivary DHEA sulfate and lower estriol, compared with a control group of pregnant women.

[Renal function in white rats after tiroxin injection preceded by blockade of ACE and nitrogen oxide].

Purpose of this work was to study renal function in white rats following a single dose of exogenous tiroxin (T4) on a background of non-selective NO-synthase blocker or inhibition of angiotensin-1 converting enzyme. The experiment was performed with males of outbred white rats (body mass = 140-180 g). Three days prior to T4 injection, the animals drank water solution of captopril (20 mg/l) or were injected intra-gastrically with water solution of non-selective NO-synthase blocker N(omega)-NLA (1 mg/100 g of body mass) over 3 days preceding T4 injection. A single dose of sodium chloride T4 on 1% starch gel (50 microg/100 g of body mass) was injected intragastrically; 5% water loading was given one hour later. Urine and plasma samples were analyzed for osmolality; creatinine, nitrites, nitrates and proteins were measured in urine samples. Tirozine was found to moderately decrease creatinine clearance and increase excretion of proteins, osmotically active substances (OAS), nitrites and nitrates with urine, and raise concentrations of stable nitrogen oxides, primarily nitrates in blood plasma. Pre-block of ACE by captopril intensified diuresis and inhibited renal excretion of OAS, nitrites and nitrates in response to T4 injection. However, captopril failed to prevent the decrease in creatinine clearance and the level of proteinuria. Pre-block of NO synthesis resulted in marked decreases in creatinine clearance, excretion of OAS and nitrites, and moderation of diuresis comparing with intact rats and rats treated with T4 only.

[Effect of exogenous thyroxin on renal ion-regulating and acid-secreting functions in white rats].

Experimental hyperthyreosis was stimulated by intraventricular injections of sodium solithyroxin (T4) suspension on 1% starch gel during 10 days at a dose of 10 microg/100 g of body mass (n = 15) or 20 microg/100 g of body mass (n = 15). Renal function was tested by 5 % water loading after 24 hrs. since the last T4 injection. Urine and blood plasma samples were analyzed for creatinine; in addition, urine was analyzed for sodium and potassium ions of titrated acids, ammonium cations, and pH. Thyroxin was found to decrease creatinine clearance and expedite renal excretion of sodium and potassium ions irrespective of the amount of exogenous T4; at the same time, exaggerated excretion of titrated acids and ammonium cations correlated with T4 dose.

[Effect of losartan on the state of kidney function in rats with experimental hyperthyroidism].

The effect of losartan on the functional state of kidneys was studied in white rats with the experimental hyperthyroidism caused by a 5-day oral administration exogenous T4 thyroxine in a dose of 50 microg/(100 g body weight). Then, the test rats were divided into two groups and animals in the first group received water, while animals in the second group were treated with a losartan solution (10 mg/1) during 24 hours. Then, the function of kidneys was studied under the condition of 5% water loading. It was established, that T4 injections resulted in a decrease of the clearance of creatinine and an increase in the renal excretion of albumin and osmotically active substances. The administration of losartan increased the clearance of creatinine and reduced the excretion of albumen via the kidneys. The renal effect of losartan is indicative of a reversible character of changes in the functional state of kidneys in this stage of experimental pathology.

[Effect of exogenous thyroxin on the state of kidney transport of nitrites and nitrates in rats].

The transport of nitrites and nitrates in the kidney has been studied on the background of single and prolonged injection of thyroxine. The function of kidneys and the state of renal transport of endogenous nitrites and nitrates were studied depending on the duration of thyroxin administration alone and in combination with an unspecific inhibitor of NO-synthases (Nomega-NLA) or sodium nitrite. It was established that thyroxin injection results in a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate, increase of proteinuria, and enhanced excretion of nitrite and nitrates via kidneys already in 2 h after hormone administration. After a 7-day injection of the hormone, the rate of glomerular filtration was retained on a reduced level, and the excretion of protein by the kidneys exceeded the control values. At the same time, on the background of increased concentration of nitrites in the blood plasma, the excretion of nitrites via kidneys (per 1 ml glomerular filtrate) was lower and the excretion of nitrates was substantially higher than in the control. In an acute period, the injection of thyroxine stimulated the production of nitrites and nitrates in the organism, which was accompanied by an increase in their concentration in the plasma and by enhanced excretion of these substances via kidneys. In the case of long-term injection of thyroxine, a decrease in the clearance of nitrites is among the basic mechanisms that provide the retention of nitrites in the extracellular liquid.

[Effect of sodium-rich diet and captopril on the functional state of kidney in rats with experimental hyperthyreosis].

The administration of thyroxin (10 microg/100 g body weight, 7 days) in rats leads to an increase in the renal excretion of proteins and nitrates. Under the conditions of hypo- and normosodium diet, thyroxin decreased the rate of glomerular filtration. Hypersodium diet and captopril increased the rate of glomerular filtration in rats with experimental hyperthyreosis. The maximum level of renal excretion in hyperthyreoidal rats was observed on the background of sodium-rich diet.

[Characteristics of the kidney functional state after a single dose of thyroxine in white rats].

A 50 mcg/100 g b.w. single dose of thyroxine was injected to non-inbred white rat males with body mass 140-180 g in conditions of 5% water and osmotic (3% solution of sodium chloride) load, then renal function was studied. This injection reduced creatinine clearance and phosphate excretion, raised nitrate and protein excretion. The kidney of the hyperthyroid animals retains ability to increase creatinine clearance in response to osmotic load. Thus, the above model demonstrates that in the absence of thyroxine renal toxicity it changes homeostatic renal functions both at the vascular-glomerular and tubular levels.

[Renal mechanisms of the osmotic homeostasis maintenance on a background of the salt test]. / Renal'nye mekhanizmy podderzhaniia osmoticheskogo gomeostaza pri solevoi nagruzke.

Mechanisms of the renal function were studied in white mice subjected to water and hyperosmotic tests. Excretion of excess osmotically active substances appeared to be affected by as modulation of the tubular transport, so intensification of the glomerular filtration through activation of the functional kidney reserve and involvement of renal nitrogen oxide.

[Determination of nonmetabolized antipyrine in human urine]. / Metodika opredeleniia nemetabolizirovannogo antipirina v moche cheloveka.

A method for evaluating the renal clearance of antipyrine is proposed. The analyses were performed for a group of healthy females of reproductive age. The renal clearance of nontransformed antipyrine is found to be significant and the basic indices of renal activity (diuresis, creatinine excretion) are correlated with the drug concentration in saliva. A single administration of antipyrine in a dose of 10 mg/kg does not influence the renal function of healthy volunteers. The proposed photometric method of antipyrine determination in urine (under the conditions of loading with 0.5% NaCl solution at an amount of 0.5% of body weight) is sufficiently sensitive and provides information about the renal clearance of antipyrine, offering an important supplement to the data obtained by conventional methods.

[Effect of ultraviolet irradiation of human blood on serum concentration of triiodothyronine and thyroxine]. / Vplyv ul'trafioletovoho oprominennia krovi liudyny na kontsentratsiiu tryiodtyroninu ta tyroksynu v plazmi.

Seasonal features of the contents of thyroxine and triiodo-thyronine in the blood of healthy subjects before and after ultra-violet irradiation (lambda = 254) were studied in experiments in vitro. Ultra-violet irradiation of the blood has been established to lead to a significant increase in triiodo-thyronine content in the serum, especially in winter. Possible mechanisms and the role of seasonal features of the contents of triiodothyronine in the human blood as well as sensitivity to ultra-violet irradiation in vitro have being discussed.

[Chronobiological characteristics of renal function under conditions of T4- and T3-hyperthyreosis]. / Khronobiologicheskie osobennosti funktsii pochek v usloviiakh T4- i T3-gipertireoza.

Hyperthyreosis in rats after 10 days of injecting T4 at the dose of 100 mg/kg of the body mass modified the chronostructure of renal functions by decreasing rhythms of the urinal pH mesor, and elevating rhythms of creatinine and protein excretion mesors, and the mesor and the amplitude of sodiuresis rhythms. Temporal readjustment of renal functions reflects peculiarities of the body adaptation to T4-induced hyperthyreosis. Injections of T3 (20 mg/kg of the body mass) during 10 days do not lead to any significant changes in the biorhythmic properties of the renal functions.

[Seasonal changes in the triiodothyronine level of the blood evoked by ultraviolet irradiation in vitro]. / Sezonnye izmeneniia urovnia triiodtironina v krovi, vyzvannye ul'trafioletovym oblucheniem in vitro.

Ultraviolet irradiation (lambda = 254 nm) of the whole blood of juvenile bulls in vitro results in a plasmatic T3 increase dependent on the time of exposure. Dynamics of the growth of hormone content because of UV varies with season. No negative correlation between plasmatic T3 and T4 in irradiated and non-irradiated blood samples was stated. Hence, increased T3 levels in blood after UV irradiation in vitro is a consequence of the output of erythrocyte-deposited hormone rather than photoactivation of the T4 to T3 conversion.

[Ability of erythrocytes to deposit thyroid hormones: regulatory role of physico-chemical factors in vitro]. / Sposobnost' éritrotsitov deponirovat' tireoidnye gormony: reguliatornaia rol' fiziko-khimicheskikh faktorov in vitro.

Data obtained suggest the existence of regulation mechanism controlling parameters of thyroid status, that does not require any modification of thyroid gland secretory function. The realisation of this mechanism can involve hormone-depositing function of blood erythrocytes, which is sensitive to a) change of regional or systemic pH and b) change of hematocrit. Results of the present study indicate that mammalian erythrocytes are able to bind considerable quantities of T3 and T4 and, T3 binding is preferable.