[The prevalence of oral allergy syndrome: regarding a new classification]. / Prevalencia del síndrome de alergia oral: a propósito de una nueva clasificación.

BACKGROUND: Recently, the oral allergy syndrome (OAS) has been classified according to the foods that induce it: phenotype I, when it is caused only by plant-derived foods; phenotype II, when it is caused by foods of both animal and plant origin. OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of OAS in late teenagers according to the new classification. METHODS: A cross-sectional study in which data from 1,992 teenagers, aged 15-18 year-old, was analyzed; the information was obtained through a structured questionnaire, where questions were asked about oral symptoms according to the type of food that had been ingested. RESULTS: The overall prevalence of OAS was of 1.7% (95% CI = 1.2-2.4); for phenotype I, it was of 0.85% and, for phenotype II, it was of 0.85%. According to the phenotype, there was no difference by sex and personal history of atopic disease; instead, the onset time of the symptoms did show an association with the phenotype (p = 0.048). The frequency of skin and mucosal symptoms and respiratory ailments differed between the groups. Regarding gastrointestinal symptoms, diarrhea was markedly more frequent in phenotype II (p = 0.044). CONCLUSION: Two phenotypes with OAS were clearly identified: the first one was associated exclusively to foods of plant origin, and the other was related to foods of both plant and animal origin.

Antecedentes: Recientemente, el síndrome de alergia oral (SAO) ha sido clasificado de acuerdo con los alimentos que lo inducen: fenotipo I, relacionado con alimentos derivados de plantas; fenotipo II, provocado por alimentos de origen vegetal y animal. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia del síndrome de alergia oral en adolescentes tardíos según la nueva clasificación. Métodos: Estudio transversal en el que se analizaron los datos de 1992 adolescentes de 15 a 18 años; la información se obtuvo a través de un cuestionario estructurado, en el que se interrogó acerca de síntomas orales según el tipo de alimento consumido. Resultados: La prevalencia global de síndrome de alergia oral fue de 1.7 % (IC 95 % = 1.2-2.4): fenotipo I, 0.85 % y fenotipo II, 0.85 %. Según el fenotipo no hubo diferencia por sexo e historia personal de enfermedad atópica; el tiempo de inicio de los síntomas sí mostró asociación (p = 0.048). La frecuencia de los síntomas respiratorios, en piel y mucosas no difirieron entre los grupos; respecto a los síntomas gastrointestinales, la diarrea fue notoriamente más frecuente en el fenotipo II (p = 0.044). Conclusión: Se identificaron claramente los dos fenotipos del síndrome de alergia oral: uno asociado con alimentos de origen vegetal y otro a alimentos tanto de origen vegetal como animal.

Expresión de interferón gamma en la infección por el virus del papiloma humano y por Chlamydia trachomatis en muestras cervicales / Expression of gamma interferon during HPV and Chlamydia trachomatis infection in cervical samples

INTRODUCCIÓN: El objetivo del presente trabajo fue medir la expresión de interferón gamma en la infección por VPH y por Chlamydia trachomatis en pacientes con lesión intraepitelial escamosa. MÉTODO: Se incluyeron 100 muestras de pacientes diagnosticadas por colposcopía, con y sin lesión intraepitelial escamosa, en quienes se efectuó el diagnóstico de infección por VPH y/o C. trachomatis. Se cuantificó la expresión relativa de interferón gamma con la prueba de transcriptasa reversa-PCR en tiempo real (RT-PCR). RESULTADOS: Las unidades relativas de la expresión de interferón gamma fueron de 13, 1,8 y 0,3 en la coinfección por VPH y C. trachomatis, en la infección por VPH y en la infección por C. trachomatis, respectivamente. CONCLUSIÓN: La infección por VPH y por C. trachomatis puede constituir un factor estimulante de la expresión de interferón gamma

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to mesure the expression of gamma interferon in HPV and Chlamydia trachomatis infection in squamous intraepithelial lesions. METHOD: Samples from 100 patients diagnosed by colposcopy with or without squamous intraepithelial lesions were used in the present study. Each patient was found to be infected by HPV and C. trachomatis. Relative gamma interferon mRNA expression was assessed using a real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assay (RT-PCR). RESULTS: The relative units of expression of gamma interferon mRNA were 13, 1.8 and 0.3, for HPV and C. trachomatis co-infection, or HPV or C. trachomatis infection, respectively. CONCLUSIÓN: HPV and C. trachomatis could overstimulate the expression of gamma interferon

[Expression of gamma interferon during HPV and Chlamydia trachomatis infection in cervical samples]. / Expresión de interferón gamma en la infección por el virus del papiloma humano y por Chlamydia trachomatis en muestras cervicales.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to mesure the expression of gamma interferon in HPV and Chlamydia trachomatis infection in squamous intraepithelial lesions. METHOD: Samples from 100 patients diagnosed by colposcopy with or without squamous intraepithelial lesions were used in the present study. Each patient was found to be infected by HPV and C.trachomatis. Relative gamma interferon mRNA expression was assessed using a real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assay (RT-PCR). RESULTS: The relative units of expression of gamma interferon mRNA were 13, 1.8 and 0.3, for HPV and C.trachomatis co-infection, or HPV or C.trachomatis infection, respectively. CONCLUSION: HPV and C.trachomatis could overstimulate the expression of gamma interferon.

Association of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers in subjects with cardiovascular risk.

Cardiovascular disease is originated in the vascular endothelium, which controls the homeostasis and the filtration and diffusion of molecules from blood to the tissues. The classical cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs) act directly on the endothelium through an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species, promoting an endothelial activation mediated by the expression of adhesion and proinflammatory molecules, which lead to endothelial dysfunction, the progression of the atherosclerotic plaque, and the onset of cardiovascular disease. The objective of this study was to analyze the association of superoxide dismutase, catalase, gluthatione peroxidase, and lipoperoxidation with fibrinogen, interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 in subjects with cardiovascular risk (CVR) and CRF. This was a cross-sectional study of 114 individuals; oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase, catalase, gluthatione peroxidase, and lipoperoxidation) and inflammatory (fibrinogen, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, and VCAM-1) biomarkers were measured; a CVR score (Framingham) and its CRF were taken into consideration to classify the participants. Twenty-nine subjects out of a total of 114 had high CVR. Smokers and subjects with diabetes (43 subjects) were excluded from the low CVR group. Significant decreases in lipoperoxidation, IL-6, and VCAM-1 and an increase in SOD were found in the high CVR group (P ≤ 0.05). Individual analysis of each CRF in the 114 subjects revealed a different pattern in the biomarkers' statistical differences. Concluding that the biomarkers show statistical differences in each CRF, especially IL-6, VCAM-1, and SOD; therefore, these are highly recommended to be used as biomarkers of the oxidative stress and inflammatory status in CVR.