ABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: La quemadura en niños por rotura de bolsa de agua caliente, presentó un incremento brusco y significativo alrededor del año 2000 en Chile. Ante ello, la Corporación de Ayuda al Niño Quemado (COANIQUEM) difundió conceptos de prevención en su uso y alerta a autoridades. Posteriormente el Instituto de Normalización Nacional introdujo normativas de certificación de calidad de los productos comercializados en el país. OBJETIVO: Determinar el impacto de medidas preventivas y de certificación de calidad de las bolsas de agua caliente en las quemaduras por rotura del producto en niños. PACIENTES Y MÉTODO: Revisión de ingresos de 795 pacientes menores de 15 años, con quemaduras por rotura de bolsa de agua caliente, entre 2000-2014, en COANIQUEM-Santiago. Se determinó evolución de las frecuencias de quemaduras por el agente etiológico y se comparó el perfil epidemiológico en los períodos quinquenales inicial y final. RESULTADOS: Entre 2000-2004, se registró un incremento de 272,7% en los ingresos y un descenso de 81,3% entre 2005-2014. Las características demográficas, mes de ocurrencia de las quemaduras y necesidad de algún tipo de cirugía, fueron similares en los períodos comparados. El número de localizaciones disminuyó concentrándose en una quemadura (77,8%). En el segundo período incluyó además de extremidad inferior, abdomen y pelvis como ubicaciones frecuentes. CONCLUSIONES: Se verifica un importante descenso de las quemaduras por bolsa de agua caliente en niños, y un cambio significativo en sus características epidemiológicas, coincidiendo con medidas de prevención y normativa de certificación de calidad de los implementos.
INTRODUCTION: Children scalded by the tearing of hot-water bottles presented a sudden and significa tive increase around 2000 in Chile. For this reason the Aid to Burned Children Corporation (COA-NIQUEM) publicized prevention concepts concerning the careful use of this device and raised a voice of alarm to authorities. Later, the National Normalization Institute introduced quality certification standards for hot water bottles sold in the country. OBJECTIVES: Determine the impact of preventive measures and quality certification for hot water bottles in burns caused by tearing of the device on children. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Review of 795 patients under 15 admitted with injuries caused by hot-water bottle rupture between 2000 and 2014 at COANIQUEM Santiago. The frecuency of burns by the ethiological agent is determined and the epidemiological profile are compared in the initial and final quinquenial period. RESULTS: Between 2000-2004, an increase of 272.7% was recorded and then a decrease of 81.3 % was found between 2005-2014. Demographic characteristics, month of occurrence and need of some kind of surgery were similar in both periods. The number of locations and injuries diminished, and are concentrated in one burn (77.8%). In the first period the main anatomical region affected was lower limbs and in the second period abdominal and pelvis are also frequent. CONCLUSIONS: An important decrease of burns by hot-water bottle rupture with significant changes in their epidemiological characteristic is verified. This coincides with preventive measures and manufacturing standards regulations and quality control.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Burns/prevention & control , Burns/epidemiology , Consumer Product Safety/legislation & jurisprudence , Consumer Product Safety/standards , Equipment Failure , Quality Control , Burns/etiology , Water , Chile/epidemiology , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Children scalded by the tearing of hot-water bottles presented a sudden and significa tive increase around 2000 in Chile. For this reason the Aid to Burned Children Corporation (COA-NIQUEM) publicized prevention concepts concerning the careful use of this device and raised a voice of alarm to authorities. Later, the National Normalization Institute introduced quality certification standards for hot water bottles sold in the country. OBJECTIVES: Determine the impact of preventive measures and quality certification for hot water bottles in burns caused by tearing of the device on children. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Review of 795 patients under 15 admitted with injuries caused by hot-water bottle rupture between 2000 and 2014 at COANIQUEM Santiago. The frecuency of burns by the ethiological agent is determined and the epidemiological profile are compared in the initial and final quinquenial period. RESULTS: Between 2000-2004, an increase of 272.7% was recorded and then a decrease of 81.3 % was found between 2005-2014. Demographic characteristics, month of occurrence and need of some kind of surgery were similar in both periods. The number of locations and injuries diminished, and are concentrated in one burn (77.8%). In the first period the main anatomical region affected was lower limbs and in the second period abdominal and pelvis are also frequent. CONCLUSIONS: An important decrease of burns by hot-water bottle rupture with significant changes in their epidemiological characteristic is verified. This coincides with preventive measures and manufacturing standards regulations and quality control.
Subject(s)
Burns/epidemiology , Burns/prevention & control , Consumer Product Safety , Equipment Failure , Adolescent , Burns/etiology , Child , Child, Preschool , Chile/epidemiology , Consumer Product Safety/legislation & jurisprudence , Consumer Product Safety/standards , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Quality Control , Retrospective Studies , WaterABSTRACT
Objective: To estimate the incidence of burn injuries in 2011 and prevalence in population < 20 years old in three districts of Chile's Metropolitan Region. Patients and Method: A Prevalence census study of 4,968 households in the mentioned areas. Probability, representative, and two-stage cluster sampling, with sampling error < 5%, was applied. Complex sample modules were used to analyze data using SPSS 17.0. The census was conducted in the site, asking in each selected household those 18 and older, about household composition by gender and age to identify those < 20 years with burns that occurred sometime in their life or in 2011. Results: A burn incidence of 2.02% [95% CI: 1.63-2.61%] and a prevalence of 13.50% [95% CI: 11.8815.31%] were obtained. The highest incidence was reported in female patients (2.31%) [95% CI: 1.77- 2.99%]. In males < 5 years of age, the incidence was 2.76% [95% CI: 1.42-5.28%] and in females, it was 2.46% [95% CI: 1.37-4.36%]. The municipality of Lo Prado had the highest incidence (2.73%) [95% CI: 1.82-4.07%]; Pudahuel recorded the highest prevalence (14.01%) [95% CI: 11.87-16.46%]. Conclusion: In 20 years, the incidence of burns in patients < 15 years of age fell by 46.4%. On average in the communities studied, 1 in 7 children/adolescent has suffered burns between birth and the time of his 20th birthday.
Objetivo: Estimar incidencia de lesiones por quemaduras en año 2011 y prevalencia en población < 20 años, en tres comunas de la Región Metropolitana de Chile. Pacientes y Método: Estudio de prevalencia con empadronamiento de 4.968 hogares de comunas mencionadas. Se aplicó muestra probabilística, representativa, bietápica y de conglomerados, con error muestral < 5%. Se usó módulo de muestras complejas para procesar datos con SPSS 17.0. El empadronamiento se realizó en terreno, preguntando en cada vivienda seleccionada a personas de 18 años y más, sobre composición del hogar por género y edad para identificar < 20 años con quemaduras, ocurridas alguna vez en su vida o en el año 2011. Resultados: Se obtuvo una incidencia de quemaduras de 2,02% [IC95%:1,63-2,61%] y prevalencia de 13,50% [IC95%:11,88-15,31%]. La mayor incidencia fue en mujeres (2,31%) [IC95%:1,77-2,99%]. En varones < 5 años, la incidencia fue de 2,76% [IC95%:1,42-5,28%] y en mujeres de 2,46% [IC95%:1,37-4,36%]. La comuna de Lo Prado tuvo mayor incidencia (2,73%) [IC95%:1,82-4,07%]; Pudahuel registró prevalencia mayor (14,01%) [IC95%:11,87-16,46%]. Conclusión: En 20 años, la incidencia de quemaduras en < 15 años, descendió un 46,4%; en promedio, 1 de cada 7 niños/jóvenes se ha quemado entre el nacimiento y el momento de cumplir 20 años en comunas estudiadas.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Male , Young Adult , Burns/epidemiology , Age Distribution , Chile/epidemiology , Incidence , Prevalence , Sex DistributionABSTRACT
Objective: To determine demographic, clinical and health care factors associated to prevalence of burns in children less than 20 years of age in the districts of Cerro Navia, Lo Prado and Pudahuel, and their comparison with incidence in 2011. Patients and Method: Population survey based on probability and two-stage stratified complex sample of households, registering 4,968 households. In 302 of them randomly selected, the mother/adult present at the time of the injury took a survey. A questionnaire of 50 questions (20 minutes), created by 6 experts and previously validated, was conducted by 10 interviewers and 3 supervisors. People were contacted by telephone before visiting them at their homes. The non-response rate was 6%, after up to 3 home visits. Results: Regarding prevalence, the male-to-female ratio was 1.16:1. Main reasons were hot objects (42.4%) and liquids (41.5%). 84.1% of burns occurred inside the home and in the afternoon (50.7%). 93.3% of the burns took place with an adult present. Hands were the most affected areas (46.7%). 30.2% were left with scars the first time of the accident. 34.4% of the burn victims did not require health care and 8.4% of them required hospitalizations. Over 60% of respondents reported that they poured cold water on the burn as a first step. Conclusion: Relevant information was obtained to be used in burn prevention in children and adolescents. Recall bias is the main limitation of the study.
Objetivo: Determinar factores demográficos, clínicos y de atención de salud asociados a prevalencia de quemaduras en menores de 20 años residentes en comunas de Cerro Navia, Lo Prado y Pudahuel y su comparación con incidencia en 2011. Pacientes y Método: Encuesta poblacional, basada en muestra probabilística, estratificada y bietápica de hogares de tipo compleja, empadronándose 4.968 hogares. En 302 seleccionados aleatoriamente, se aplicó encuesta a madre/adulto presente en el momento de la lesión del menor. Cuestionario de 50 preguntas (20 min), realizado por 6 expertos, y validado previamente, fue aplicado por 10 encuestadores y 3 supervisores. Se contactó telefónicamente las personas antes de concurrir al domicilio. La tasa de no respuesta fue de 6%, luego de realizar hasta 3 visitas al domicilio. Resultados: En prevalencia, la razón masculina sobre femenina fue de 1,16:1. Agentes principales fueron objetos calientes (42,4%) y líquidos calientes (41,5%); 84,1% de las quemaduras ocurrieron dentro del hogar y a media tarde (50,7%); 93,3% de las quemaduras fue con adulto presente. La mano fue la localización más afectada (46,7%); 30,2% quedó con cicatriz la primera vez que se quemó. 34,4% de los quemados no demandó atención de salud y se declararon 8,4% de hospitalizaciones. Más de 60% de los encuestados relató echar agua fría a la quemadura como primera medida. Conclusión: Se obtiene información relevante para utilizar en prevención de quemaduras en niños y jóvenes. El sesgo de recuerdo es la limitante principal del estudio.
Subject(s)
Adolescent , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Young Adult , Burns/epidemiology , Cicatrix/epidemiology , Hospitalization/statistics & numerical data , Chile/epidemiology , Cicatrix/etiology , Incidence , Prevalence , Sex Distribution , Surveys and QuestionnairesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence of burn injuries in 2011 and prevalence in population < 20 years old in three districts of Chile's Metropolitan Region. PATIENTS AND METHOD: A Prevalence census study of 4,968 households in the mentioned areas. Probability, representative, and two-stage cluster sampling, with sampling error < 5%, was applied. Complex sample modules were used to analyze data using SPSS 17.0. The census was conducted in the site, asking in each selected household those 18 and older, about household composition by gender and age to identify those < 20 years with burns that occurred sometime in their life or in 2011. RESULTS: A burn incidence of 2.02% [95% CI: 1.63-2.61%] and a prevalence of 13.50% [95% CI: 11.8815.31%] were obtained. The highest incidence was reported in female patients (2.31%) [95% CI: 1.77- 2.99%]. In males < 5 years of age, the incidence was 2.76% [95% CI: 1.42-5.28%] and in females, it was 2.46% [95% CI: 1.37-4.36%]. The municipality of Lo Prado had the highest incidence (2.73%) [95% CI: 1.82-4.07%]; Pudahuel recorded the highest prevalence (14.01%) [95% CI: 11.87-16.46%]. CONCLUSION: In 20 years, the incidence of burns in patients < 15 years of age fell by 46.4%. On average in the communities studied, 1 in 7 children/adolescent has suffered burns between birth and the time of his 20th birthday.
Subject(s)
Burns/epidemiology , Adolescent , Age Distribution , Child , Child, Preschool , Chile/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Incidence , Male , Prevalence , Sex Distribution , Young AdultABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To determine demographic, clinical and health care factors associated to prevalence of burns in children less than 20 years of age in the districts of Cerro Navia, Lo Prado and Pudahuel, and their comparison with incidence in 2011. PATIENTS AND METHOD: Population survey based on probability and two-stage stratified complex sample of households, registering 4,968 households. In 302 of them randomly selected, the mother/adult present at the time of the injury took a survey. A questionnaire of 50 questions (20 minutes), created by 6 experts and previously validated, was conducted by 10 interviewers and 3 supervisors. People were contacted by telephone before visiting them at their homes. The non-response rate was 6%, after up to 3 home visits. RESULTS: Regarding prevalence, the male-to-female ratio was 1.16:1. Main reasons were hot objects (42.4%) and liquids (41.5%). 84.1% of burns occurred inside the home and in the afternoon (50.7%). 93.3% of the burns took place with an adult present. Hands were the most affected areas (46.7%). 30.2% were left with scars the first time of the accident. 34.4% of the burn victims did not require health care and 8.4% of them required hospitalizations. Over 60% of respondents reported that they poured cold water on the burn as a first step. CONCLUSION: Relevant information was obtained to be used in burn prevention in children and adolescents. Recall bias is the main limitation of the study.