Abusive Consumption of Alcoholic Beverages and Associated Factors in Brazilian University Students.

The university is considered an environment that favors the initiation and use of substances, especially those that are legal, such as alcohol. This consumption can be differentiated in university students, which makes it necessary to better understand this behavior. Taking into account these aspects, we analyzed the abusive consumption of alcoholic beverages in university students and its association with socioeconomic and behavioral factors. We conducted a cross-sectional study with regularly enrolled students. We assessed the abusive consumption of alcoholic beverages using the binge drinking pattern. We collected socioeconomic and behavioral data using a questionnaire. The association between the variables was verified using logistic regression. Abusive consumption of alcoholic beverages was high, with a high weekly frequency. The association with sociodemographic and behavioral factors can increase the health risk. Education campaigns within institutions with students in the classroom and with all those who can influence these students are important. As there are few studies that consider other health risk factors that have not been analyzed yet, such as those treated in our study, with the abusive consumption of alcoholic beverages, this study seeks to contribute to the knowledge of the relationships between these variables and in the elaboration of actions aimed at improving the lifestyle and health of university students.

Sleep, sedentary behavior, and physical activity in Brazilian adolescents: Achievement recommendations and BMI associations through compositional data analysis.

Physical activity, sedentary behavior (SB), and sleep are habitual human behaviors (HHB) which are modifiable throughout the different life phases. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze how the time distribution throughout the day among HHB may be associated with body mass index (BMI). These results could provide inferences which can guide interventions that trigger changes in adolescent behaviors in favor of their health. The objective of this study was to verify the proportion of adolescents who meet the recommendation of sleep, moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA), and screen time (ST); to analyze the associations between HHB and BMI, and to determine possible changes in BMI associated with time reallocation between different HHB. Daily HHB recommendations (yes/no) were analyzed by frequency distribution. Compositional data analyses were used to examine the association between HHB and the BMI z-score (zBMI) with covariates (sex, age, and socioeconomic status). Compositional isotemporal substitution models estimated the change in zBMI associated with HHB reallocations from 15 to 120 minutes. A total of 185 adolescents were included (15 to 18 years, 50.8% boys). Thus, total sleep time, SB, light physical activity (LPA) and MVPA were measured by 24-hour accelerometry for seven consecutive days. ST, demographic characteristics, and socioeconomic status were assessed using a questionnaire. Sleep, MVPA, and ST recommendations were achieved by 32.97%, 8.10%, and 1.08% of the sample, respectively. No adolescent was able to achieve all of the daily recommendations. Age was significantly and positively associated with zBMI (p<0.001). Simply replacing 75, 90, and 120 minutes of MVPA by LPA led to an estimated significant increase in zBMI (95CI% z-value, 0.01 to 1.49). The HHB relocation estimates in 24h did not show positive effects on zBMI, nor did it increase the time engaged in MVPA, which may raise the hypothesis that other parameters related to obesity and their related interactions need to be better understood.

Concentrações sanguíneas de adiponectina e exercício físico: associações com a sensibilidade insulínica / Levels of adiponectin and exercise: associations with insulin sensitivity / Los niveles de adiponectina y el ejercicio: asociaciones con sensibilidad a la insulina

O objetivo desta revisão foi apresentar e discutir a influência do exercício físico nas concentrações sanguíneas de adiponectina e a associação com a sensibilidade insulínica. Estudos realizados nos últimos 10 anos mostram que o exercício agudo, de intensidade alta, provoca redução nas concentrações sanguíneas de adiponectina, sem alterar as concentrações de insulina. Porém, exercícios agudos de intensidade moderada não alteram as concentrações sanguíneas de adiponectina, apesar de proporcionar melhoria na sensibilidade insulínica. O exercício crônico, por sua vez, aumenta os níveis sanguíneos de adiponectina, melhora a sensibilidade insulínica, mas altera a composição corporal em indivíduos obesos. Em indivíduos eutróficos, todavia, os níveis de adiponectina não são afetados, apesar dos benefícios do exercício crônico para a composição corporal e sensibilidade insulínica.

The aim of this review was to present and discuss the influence of exercise on blood concentrations of adiponectin and its association with insulin sensitivity. Studies conducted over the past 10 years showed that acute exercise of high intensity causes a decrease in blood adiponectin concentrations without changing insulin concentrations. However, acute exercise of moderate intensity does not alter the blood concentrations of adiponectin, though it improves insulin sensitivity. Chronic exercise, nevertheless, increases blood levels of adiponectin, improves insulin sensitivity but alters body composition in obese individuals. In normal weight individuals, however, the blood levels of adiponectin are not affected, despite the benefits of chronic exercise to body composition and insulin sensitivity.

El objetivo de esta revisión fue presentar y discutir la influencia del ejercicio sobre las concentraciones séricas de adiponectina y su asociación con sensibilidad a la insulina. Los estudios realizados en los últimos 10 años muestran que el ejercicio agudo de alta intensidad causa una reducción en las concentraciones sanguíneas de adiponectina, sin cambiar las concentraciones de insulina. Sin embargo, el ejercicio agudo de intensidad moderada no altera las concentraciones sanguíneas de adiponectina, aunque proporciona sensibilidad a la insulina. Ejercicio crónico, a su vez, aumenta los niveles sanguíneos de adiponectina mejora la sensibilidad a la insulina, sino que altera la composición corporal en sujetos obesos. En individuos normales, sin embargo, los niveles de adiponectina no se ven afectados, a pesar de los beneficios del ejercicio crónica de la composición corporal y la sensibilidad a la insulina.

Intensidade das aulas de educação física em escola pública e privada mediante medida objetiva / Intensities of physical education classes in public and private schools by objective measurements

A Educação Física (EF) Escolar é uma das principais oportunidades de acesso à prática de atividade física (AF) orientada para adolescentes. O objetivo deste estudo foi quantificar e comparar as intensidades das AF praticadas na EF em escola pública (EPU) e privada (EPR), além de identificar a contribuição relativa dessas aulas para o alcance das recomendações diárias de AF (RAF). A amostra foi composta por 29 alunos de EPU (16,1 ± 0,67 anos) e 27 alunos de EPR (15,96 ± 0,71 anos). As intensidades de duas aulas de EF em cada escola foram verificadas através do registro da frequência cardíaca e classificadas segundo Armstrong (1998). Utilizou-se o teste de Kolmogorov–Smirnov para testar a normalidade e Mann-Whitney entre os grupos (p ≤ 0,05). Foram verificadas diferenças significativas (p<0,05) apenas nas intensidades moderadas, com a EPR apresentando maior tempo nessa intensidade. A prevalência das AF realizadas na EF, classificadas como moderadas a intensas, foram de 17,5 min. na EPU e de 18,0 min. na EPR. O tempo total da EF que contribuíram para as RAF foram 21,5 e 19,5 min., e a duração total das aulas foram de 33,5 e 30,0 min. para a EPU e EPR, respectivamente. As AF realizadas na EF classificaram-se como moderadas a intensas, porém menos de 50% atingiram as intensidades da RAF. Sugere-se a otimização do tempo das aulas de EF para maior contribuição ao alcance das RAF.

Physical education school class (PE) is one of the main opportunities of access to oriented physical activity (PA) practice for adolescents. The aim of this study was to quantify and compare PA intensities in PE school class between public (PUS) and private (PRS) schools, as well as to identify the relative contribution of those classes to achieve the daily PA recommendations (DPAR). The sample was comprised by 29 PUS boys (age: 16.1 ± 0.67 years old) and 27 PRS boys (age: 15.9 ± 0.71 years old). PA intensities were verified in two PE classes for each school trough heart rate record, and later classified by Armstrong (1998). Statistical tests performed were Kolmogorov–Smirnov to verify data normality and Mann-Whitney between groups (p ≤ 0.05). Statistically significant differences were verified (p<0.05) only for moderate intensity, with PRS showing to expend more time in this intensity. The prevalence of PA done at PE, classified as an intensity of moderate to vigorous, were 17.5 min in PUS and 18.0 min in PRS. The PE contribution times to DPAR were 21.5 and 19.5 min, and PE class time were 33.5 and 30.0 min for PUS and PRS, respectively. The PA done at PE class was classified as an intensity of moderate to vigorous. However, less than 50% of those times achieved DPAR intensities. A better PE class organization can be suggested to optimize the time contribution to DPAR achievement.