[Return to work after a non-work related sick spell: the role of age, sex, economic activity and autonomous community]. / Incapacidad temporal por contingencia común: papel de la edad, el sexo, la actividad económica y la comunidad autónoma.

BACKGROUND: To describe the duration of non-work related sickness absences incidents according to age, sex, economic activity and Autonomous Community. METHODS: The sample of non-work related sick spells included 76,598 incident cases started in 2002 among workers cover by the general regime of the Social Security system, and managed by an insurance company. The median and intercuartils range were estimated by sex, age, economic activities and Autonomous Comunnity. Probability ratio of continuing out of work (PRCOW) were compared among Autonomous Comunities, after adjusting by sexo, age and economic activities, taking Navarra as reference, using a log-logistic regression model with a gamma distribution. RESULTS: The 25% of cases there were returned to work at 40 day, the 50% at 90 day; and the 75% at 26 degrees day. Extremadura (PCOW=2,7; IC95%: 2,4-3,1) and Galicia (2,6; 2,4-2,9) showed the highest differences with Navarra. There were also statistically significant differences among economic activities after adjusting by age and sex. CONCLUSIONS: Return to work after a non-work related sick spell is a complex process, which is influenced by age, sex, economic activities and autonomous community.

Incapacidad temporal por contingencia común: papel de la edad, el sexo, la actividad económica y la Comunidad Autónoma / Return to work after a non-work related sick spell: the role of age, sex, economic activity and autonomous community

Fundamentos: Describir la duración de episodios incidentes de incapacidad temporal por contingencias comunes según la edad, el sexo, la actividad económica y la Comunidad Autónoma. Métodos: Incluimos 76.598 episodios de incapacidad temporal iniciados en 2002 en trabajadores afiliados al Régimen General de la Seguridad Social y gestionados por una Mutua de Accidentes de Trabajo y Enfermedad Profesional. La duración mediana y el rango intercuartílico fue estimada por sexo, edad, actividad económica y Comunidad Autónoma. La razón de probabilidad de seguir de baja (RPSB) entre Comunidades Autónomas se ajustó por sexo, edad y actividad económica, tomando Navarra como referencia, mediante un modelo de regresión log-logística con fragilidad gamma compartida. Resultados: El 25% de los sujetos habían vuelto al trabajo al 4º día, el 50% al 9º día y el 75% al 26º día. Extremadura (RPSB=2,7; IC95%:2,4 a 3,1) y Galicia (2,6; 2,4 a 2,9) presentaron las diferencias más elevadas respecto a Navarra. Conclusiones: La reincorporación al trabajo después de un episodio de incapacidad temporal es un proceso complejo que está influido, además de por la edad y el sexo, por la actividad económica y la Comunidad Autónoma

Background: To describe the duration of non-work related sickness absences incidents according to age, sex, economic activity and Autonomous Community. Methods: The sample of non-work related sick spells included 76,598 incident cases started in 2002 among workers cover by the general regime of the Social Security system, and managed by an insurance company. The median and intercuartils range were estimated by sex, age, economic activities and Autonomous Comunnity. Probability ratio of continuing out of work (PRCOW) were compared among Autonomous Comunities, after adjusting by sexo, age and economic activities, taking Navarra as reference, using a log-logistic regression model with a gamma distribution. Results: The 25% of cases there were returned to work at 4º day, the 50% at 90 day; and the 75% at 26º day. Extremadura (PCOW=2,7; IC95%: 2,4-3,1) and Galicia (2,6; 2,4-2,9) showed the highest differences with Navarra. There were also statistically significant differences among economic activities after adjusting by age and sex. Conclusions: Return to work after a non-work related sick spell is a complex process, which is influenced by age, sex, economic activities and autonomous community

Statistical reviewers improve reporting in biomedical articles: a randomized trial.

BACKGROUND: Although peer review is widely considered to be the most credible way of selecting manuscripts and improving the quality of accepted papers in scientific journals, there is little evidence to support its use. Our aim was to estimate the effects on manuscript quality of either adding a statistical peer reviewer or suggesting the use of checklists such as CONSORT or STARD to clinical reviewers or both. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Interventions were defined as 1) the addition of a statistical reviewer to the clinical peer review process, and 2) suggesting reporting guidelines to reviewers; with "no statistical expert" and "no checklist" as controls. The two interventions were crossed in a 2x2 balanced factorial design including original research articles consecutively selected, between May 2004 and March 2005, by the Medicina Clinica (Barc) editorial committee. We randomized manuscripts to minimize differences in terms of baseline quality and type of study (intervention, longitudinal, cross-sectional, others). Sample-size calculations indicated that 100 papers provide an 80% power to test a 55% standardized difference. We specified the main outcome as the increment in quality of papers as measured on the Goodman Scale. Two blinded evaluators rated the quality of manuscripts at initial submission and final post peer review version. Of the 327 manuscripts submitted to the journal, 131 were accepted for further review, and 129 were randomized. Of those, 14 that were lost to follow-up showed no differences in initial quality to the followed-up papers. Hence, 115 were included in the main analysis, with 16 rejected for publication after peer review. 21 (18.3%) of the 115 included papers were interventions, 46 (40.0%) were longitudinal designs, 28 (24.3%) cross-sectional and 20 (17.4%) others. The 16 (13.9%) rejected papers had a significantly lower initial score on the overall Goodman scale than accepted papers (difference 15.0, 95% CI: 4.6-24.4). The effect of suggesting a guideline to the reviewers had no effect on change in overall quality as measured by the Goodman scale (0.9, 95% CI: -0.3-+2.1). The estimated effect of adding a statistical reviewer was 5.5 (95% CI: 4.3-6.7), showing a significant improvement in quality. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: This prospective randomized study shows the positive effect of adding a statistical reviewer to the field-expert peers in improving manuscript quality. We did not find a statistically significant positive effect by suggesting reviewers use reporting guidelines.

Aspectos metodológicos comunes y específicos de las listas de comprobación / Common and specific methodological features of checklists

Diagnóstico, pronóstico, intervención y prevención, como objetivos médicos, se benefician del método científico, si bien tienen características específicas que requieren diferentes tipos de diseños y análisis estadísticos. El objetivo del presente artículo es realizar las definiciones que permitan sentar las bases de los aspectos comunes y diferenciales de las listas de comprobación de los principales diseños. Se distingue entre inferencia estadística y decisión; error sistemático y aleatorio; confirmación y exploración; predicción e intervención; observación y experimentación; asignación al azar y extracción al azar, y se resumen las principales herramientas de que dispone el investigador para controlar los errores aleatorios y sistemáticos y cómo se concreta todo ello en los principales tipos de diseños. Cabe destacar que las listas de comprobación no son una medida de la calidad de la investigación, sino que suponen una guía de mínimos que pretende ayudar a mejorar la calidad de los informes científicos (AU)

As medical aims, diagnosis, prognosis, intervention and prevention benefit from scientific method, although they have specific characteristics requiring distinct types of design and statistical analysis. The present article aims to provide definitions of the common and differential features of checklists for the main study designs. Distinctions are made between statistical inference and decision, systematic and random error, confirmation and exploration, prediction and intervention, observation and experimentation, and random allocation and random selection. In addition, the main tools available to researchers to control random and systematic errors are described. How all of these elements are contained in the main types of design is discussed. Importantly, checklists are not a measure of the quality of a study but rather represent minimum requirements that aim to improve the quality of scientific reports (AU)

[Common and specific methodological features of checklists]. / Aspectos metodológicos comunes y específicos de las listas de comprobación.

As medical aims, diagnosis, prognosis, intervention and prevention benefit from scientific method, although they have specific characteristics requiring distinct types of design and statistical analysis. The present article aims to provide definitions of the common and differential features of checklists for the main study designs. Distinctions are made between statistical inference and decision, systematic and random error, confirmation and exploration, prediction and intervention, observation and experimentation, and random allocation and random selection. In addition, the main tools available to researchers to control random and systematic errors are described. How all of these elements are contained in the main types of design is discussed. Importantly, checklists are not a measure of the quality of a study but rather represent minimum requirements that aim to improve the quality of scientific reports.

Ausentismo laboral en el personal médico Hospital Dr. Francisco Moscoso Puello / Work absence of the medical staff at the \"Francisco Moscoso Puello\" Hospital

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo con el objetivo de determinar la frecuencia y las causas del ausentismo laboral en 50 médicos escogidos al azar del Hospital Dr. Francisco M. Moscoso Puello durante el período enero-junio de 1996. Encontrándose que un 38// se ausentaban de su trabajo; el 52.6// los hicieron por enfermedad; las mujeres se ausentaron más que los hombres; el 89.5// de los ausentados no se encuentran satisfecho en la labor que desempeñan y el 57.9// señalaron que las condiciones de trabajo eran inadecuadas