Aerobic degradation of 2,4,6-TCP content in ECF bleached effluent.

Elemental chlorine-free (ECF) bleach effluents from kraft mill are characterised by: a chemical organic demand/biological organic demand (COD/BOD(5)) ratio of 4, chlorophenol content with low chlorine substitution, and toxicity. The effect of increasing the concentration of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-TCP) content in ECF bleaching sequence effluent on the degradative activity of bacterial communities present in an aerobic system treatment was studied. An aerobic lagoon (AL) was used as a typical secondary treatment of kraft-mill effluent. AL displays a high performance of BOD(5) degradation (up to 90%); however, only 40% of the COD was removed. Simultaneously, the AL system shows a high ability to biodegrade 2,4,6-TCP up to 237 mg/l day. Kinetic parameters of the 2,4,6-TCP biodegradation by aerobic bacteria were determined. The K(s) and K(i) values were 34.3 and 50 mg/l 2,4,6-TCP, respectively. Moreover, the tolerance of aerobic bacteria was observed up to 1.3 g/l 2,4,6-TCP.

[Ceftriaxone vs. cefazolin in obstetrical surgical prevention]. / Ceftriaxona vs. cefazolina en la profilaxis quirúrgica obstétrica.

The cesarean section is associated with a high incidence of puerperal infections. The antibiotic prophylaxis in obstetric surgery may reduce infectious complications, nevertheless antibiotic prophylaxis only has proved to be effective in women with risk factors for the occurrence of infection. We made a comparative study of the prophylactic efficacy of the ceftriaxone a single dose versus cefazolin three doses, in women with risk factor for infection. There were enrolled 100 patients, 50 in each group. Six percent of the ceftriaxone group patients developed puerperal infections while 12% of the cefazolin group women developed this complication. The statistic analysis don't show difference between the groups. We consider the single dose prophylactic schema is better because its application is easier, administration is safety and reduces the risk of adverse reactions.

Site of early skin lesions in children with leprosy.

Most of the data on the site of early skin lesions in leprosy were obtained from the case histories of registered patients, mainly those in leprosy institutions and who had had the disease for one or more years. Such information should be treated with reservation. The purpose of this study was to determine, in a highly endemic area, the site of early skin lesions in 28 220 children who, after screening, were kept under close surveillance and re-examined yearly. In 469 patients with a single lesion, this was most often located on the thighs or buttocks, followed by the arms, forearms, legs, and lumbar region. This finding is of interest mainly for diagnostic purposes. The predilection of single early lesions for certain regions of the body does not appear to depend on whether these parts are exposed or not.