Risk factors for running-related injuries: An umbrella systematic review.

PURPOSE: This umbrella systematic review (SR) of SRs and meta-analysis seeks to comprehensively synthesize existing literature to identify and consolidate the diverse range of risk factors contributing to running-related injuries (RRIs). METHODS: Systematic searches were conducted on June 28, 2023, across Web of Science, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, PubMed, and Cochrane Library. We included SRs, whether accompanied by meta-analyses or not, that focused on investigating risk factors for RRIs within observational studies. The methodological quality of the SRs was evaluated using the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews II. To assess the extent of overlap across reviews, the corrected covered area metric was calculated. RESULTS: From 1509 records retrieved, 13 SRs were included. The degree of overlap between SRs was low (4%), and quality varied from critically low (n = 8) to low (n = 5). Two hundred seven outcomes assessed in 148 primary studies were identified as being associated with the occurrence of RRIs. The effect sizes of the associations for which risk measures were reported (n = 131) were classified as large (n = 30, 23%), medium (n = 38, 29%), small (n = 48, 37%) or no effect (n = 15, 11%). Running/training characteristics, health and lifestyle factors, along with morphological and biomechanical aspects, exhibit large effect sizes in increasing the risk for RRIs. CONCLUSION: Drawing from the outcomes of the low-quality SRs and associations with large effect sizes, our findings indicate that running/training characteristics and health and lifestyle factors, as well as morphological and biomechanical aspects, are all implicated in elevating the risk of RRIs, emphasizing the multifactorial basis of injury incidence in running. Given the low quality and heterogeneity of SR, individual findings warrant cautious interpretation.

Impact of air pollution on the health of the older adults during physical activity and sedentary behavior: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Air pollution, in addition to presenting health risks, can impact the practice of physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) in older adults. This study analyzed the impact of air pollution on the health of older adults during PA and SB, through a systematic review. METHODS: A keyword and reference search was performed in PubMed, SCOPUS, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science. Predetermined selection criteria included study designs: interventions or experiments, retrospective or prospective cohort studies, cross-sectional studies and case-control studies; population: older adults aged 60 years or older; exposures: specific air pollutants (particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), ozone (O3), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO2), black carbon (CN), ultrafine particles (PU), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and biomass fuels) indoors and outdoors; and outcomes: physical activity and/or sedentary behavior. RESULTS: The beneficial effects of PA were attenuated or harmed in 11 studies, showing negative impacts on the health of the older adults, mainly by PM2.5 pollutants. On the other hand, in 10 studies the effects of PA were greater than the negative effects of air pollutants, with a greater frequency in relation to PM2.5. In general, even the articles presenting controversial results suggest that practicing PA in polluted environments is more favorable to the health of older adults than remaining in SB. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: On the one hand, air pollution negatively impacted the health of the older adults during PA practices, while on the other hand, PA can mitigate the negative effects of pollutants on the health of older adults during the practices. Evidence shows that practicing PA in environments with low concentrations of pollutants can provide gains and reduce health risks. Remaining in SB in environments with high levels of air pollution worsens the health of older adults.

Effects of resistance training on sleep of patients with fibromyalgia: A systematic review.

This study investigated the effects of resistance training (RT) on the sleep quality of patients with fibromyalgia (FM), through a systematic review. The search was carried out in the PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. Initially, 148 studies were found, of which six were included for qualitative analysis. Four studies showed significant improvement in sleep after RT. Compared to other exercise modalities, RT proved to be superior to flexibility training and equivalent to aerobic exercise. Interventions lasted from 4 to 21 weeks, the weekly frequency ranged from two to three times, and the intensity ranged from 40% to 80% 1RM, with exercises for the major muscle groups. RT is an intervention that can be used to treat FM, however, more studies are needed to verify its effectiveness in improving sleep.

Effects of Air Pollution on the Health of Older Adults during Physical Activities: Mapping Review.

Atmospheric pollutants present environmental threats to health and have been investigated in different environments, such as highways, squares, parks, and gyms. These environments are frequented by older adults, who are considered fragile to the harmful impacts of pollution present in the air. The aim was to analyze the state of the art on the effects of air pollution on the health of older adults during physical activities (PAs) through a mapping review. The search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Cinahl databases until June 2022. Of the 10,109 studies initially identified, 58 met the inclusion criteria. The most investigated health outcome was cardiovascular disease, followed by respiratory outcomes. Particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and ozone (O3) were the most investigated pollutants. Of the 75 health outcomes investigated, in 29, air pollution had harmful effects on the health of the older adults during the practice of PA, more frequently in cardiovascular diseases. In 25 outcomes, the beneficial effects of PA to the health of the older adults remained, despite exposure to high and low concentrations of pollutants, most often in terms of mental disorders. We conclude that poor air quality is a harmful factor for the health of older adults during the practice of PAs, more frequently in cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. On the other hand, for mental-health-related outcomes (depression and cognition), in most studies, the beneficial effects of PA in older adults were maintained, even after exposure to pollutants.

Brazilian journal of sports medicine: 10 years of indexation on the web of science / Revista brasileña de medicina del deporte: 10 años de indexación en la web of science / Revista brasileira de medicina do esporte: 10 anos de indexação na web of science

ABSTRACT Analyses of scientific production have attracted the interest of researchers, as they help to control the quality of what is published, identify relevant themes, and, thus enable scientific advances. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze the scientific production of the Brazilian Journal of Sports Medicine on the Web of Science database through a bibliometric analysis. The data were analyzed in relation to the publications, the authors, and the RBME. During the period of indexation on the Web of Science, which corresponds to the last decade, the RBME published 896 documents, most of which were original articles (801, 89.3%). The most cited keywords were exercise (117 studies), resistance training (37), and physical activity (34). Brazilian institutions had the highest number of publications, followed by Portugal and Spain, and there were also articles published in the USA, Canada, and the United Kingdom. USP and UNESP were the institutions with the greatest number of publications in the RBME over the last decade. Ten different collaboration clusters were identified, with researcher Edilson Serpeloni Cyrino standing out with the largest collaboration network. The ten years of indexation on the Web of Science reveal the consolidation of the RBME on the international scene, which has resulted in increasing views of and citations from the studies published, as well as attracting researchers from institutions of other countries to publish their work. Level of evidence II; Review.

RESUMEN Los análisis sobre la producción científica han despertado el interés de investigadores, pues auxilian en el control de la calidad de aquello que es publicado, identificando temas relevantes y auxiliando así los avances científicos. Por lo tanto, el objetivo del estudio fue analizar la producción científica de la Revista Brasileña de Medicina del Deporte (RMBE) en la Web of Science (WoS) a través de un análisis bibliométrico. Se analizaron los datos relativos a las publicaciones, a los autores y a RMBE. En el período de indexación en la WoS, correspondiente a la última década, la RBME publicó 896 documentos, siendo la mayoría artículos originales (801, 89,3%). Las palabras clave más citadas fueron exercise (117 estudios), resistance training (37) y physical activity (34). Las instituciones de Brasil fueron las que más publicaciones presentaron, seguidas de Portugal y España, con publicaciones también en Estados Unidos, Canadá y Reino Unido, entre otros. La USP y UNESP fueron las instituciones con mayor número de publicaciones en RMBE en la última década. Se identificaron diez grupos de colaboración diferentes, destacándose el investigador "Edilson Serpeloni Cyrino", con la mayor red de colaboración. Los 10 años de indexación de la RBME en la Web of Science revelan la consolidación de la revista en el escenario internacional, repercutiendo en el aumento de visualizaciones y citas de los estudios publicados, además de atraer a investigadores de instituciones de otros países para publicar sus trabajos. Nivel de evidencia II; Revisión.

RESUMO Análises sobre a produção científica têm despertado o interesse de pesquisadores, pois auxiliam no controle da qualidade do que é publicado, identificando temas relevantes, e assim, auxiliando avanços científicos. Diante disso, o objetivo do estudo foi analisar a produção científica da Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte na Web of Science (WoS) por meio de uma análise bibliométrica. Os dados foram analisados com relação às publicações, aos autores e à RBME. No período de indexação na WoS, correspondente a última década, a RBME publicou 896 documentos, sendo a maioria artigos originais (801, 89,3%). Os descritores mais citados foram exercise (117 estudos), resistance training (37) e physical activity (34). Instituições do Brasil foram as que mais apresentaram publicações, seguidas de Portugal e Espanha, tendo ainda publicações nos EUA, Canadá e Reino Unido, entre outros. A USP e a UNESP foram as instituições com maior número de publicações na última década na RBME. Dez diferentes grupos de colaboração foram identificados, destacando-se o pesquisador "Edilson Serpeloni Cyrino", com a maior rede de colaboração. Os 10 anos de indexação da RBME na Web of Science revelam a consolidação do periódico no cenário internacional, repercutindo no aumento de visualizações e citações dos estudos publicados, além de atrair pesquisadores de instituições de outros países para publicarem seus trabalhos. Nível de evidência II; Revisão.

Twenty years of scientific production in sport and exercise psychology journals: A Bibliometric Analysis in Web of Science

The present study analyzed the last twenty years (2001 to 2020) of scientific production in sport and exercise psychology (SEP) journals indexed in Web of Science. Ten journals were selected. Psychology of sport and exercise was the journal with the highest number of articles per year (n = 82). USA was the most productive country (n = 1553). University of Birmingham (n = 195) was the institution most prolific, and Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (n = 239)was the funding agency most present. Nikos Ntoumanis (n = 67) was the most prolific author. Physical activity (n = 326) was the keyword with most occurrences. Open access represents 27.24% of articles. We concluded that the majority of journals published in the English language and with no open access. Self-determination theory is a well consolidated theoretical framework in the last twenty years in SEP journals.(AU)

Effects of Exercise in the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease: An Umbrella Review of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses.

The authors aimed to provide an overview of the evidence on the effects of exercise in people with Alzheimer's disease through a comprehensive review of the existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses. A literature search was performed in CINAHL, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, and Web of Science databases according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The AMSTAR-2-Tool was used for the quality assessment. Twenty-three reviews fulfilled the criteria. Most of the reviews investigated the effects of aerobic exercise on Alzheimer's disease symptoms. The largest effects of exercise were seen in terms of improved cognition by multiple exercises. The majority of the reviews were rated as being of moderate quality and none were classified as having high quality. Exercise is an effective way to treat Alzheimer's disease symptoms and has a low incidence of related adverse events. As most reviews were evaluated as low-moderate quality, caution is needed in the interpretation of the results.

Mental health of older people in social isolation: the role of physical activity at home during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic involves a new coronavirus characterized by a respiratory disease resulting from an infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome by coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The severity and fatality of COVID-19 are directly related to age and immunocompromised states, with older adults making up the vast majority of cases. The elderly with a higher risk of serious complications due to COVID-19 and deaths are also the group most susceptible to the damage of social isolation, impacting on mental health, resulting in a more sedentary lifestyle, and health problems due to several causes, implying need for greater attention, care and protection. Physical activity has shown excellent results for mental health, being used in different treatments and populations, when considering the elderly, one of the ways to mitigate this impact on mental health is the practice of physical activity. Here, we discuss the impacts of social isolation on mental health and the role of physical activity and exercise in the homes of the elderly as a way to protect the spread of other diseases from all causes during the COVID-19 pandemic period. To this end, we discuss some possibilities that can be used by the elderly in the period of social isolation, to the point of remaining active within their homes.

Local Muscle Endurance and Strength Had Strong Relationship with CrossFit® Open 2020 in Amateur Athletes.

This study analyzed the relationship between anthropometric measures, cardiorespiratory capacity, strength, power, and local muscle endurance with performance in the CrossFit® Open 2020. For this, 17 volunteers (6 women) (29.0 ± 7.2 years) completed, on separate weeks, tests for body composition (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry), maximal oxygen consumption (2 km row test), muscle strength (one repetition maximum (1 RM) back and front squat, isometric peak torque), muscle power (1 RM snatch and clean and jerk) and muscle endurance (Tibana test), which were compared with performance during the CrossFit® Open 2020. Specific tests of localized muscular endurance and muscle strength had the strongest relationship with performance in the CrossFit® Open 2020. On the other hand, the percentage of fat and cardiorespiratory capacity were not significantly correlated with CrossFit® Open 2020 workout performance. Coaches and practitioners should therefore utilize these findings to assess physical fitness and organize the distribution of the training session based on less developed physical needs, in order to ensure an appropriate physiological adaptation for a given competition.

Effects of air pollution on health: A mapping review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses.

BACKGROUND: There has been a notable increase in knowledge production on air pollution and human health. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the state of the art on the effects of air pollution on human health through a mapping review of existing systematic reviews and meta-analyses (SRs and MAs). METHODS: The systematic mapping review was based on the recommendations for this type of scientific approach in environmental sciences. The search was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Cinahl, and Cochrane Library databases, from their inception through June 2020. RESULTS: Among 3401 studies screened, 240 SRs and MAs satisfied the inclusion criteria. Five research questions were answered. There has been an overall progressive increase in publications since 2014. The majority of the SRs and MAs were carried out by researchers from institutions in China, the US, the UK, and Italy. Most studies performed a meta-analysis (161). In general, the reviews support the association of air pollution and health outcomes, and analyzed the effects of outdoor air pollution. The most commonly investigated health outcome type was the respiratory (mainly asthma and COPD), followed by cardiovascular outcomes (mainly stroke). Particulate matter (with a diameter of 2.5 µm (PM2.5) and 10 µm (PM10) or less) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were the most widely investigated pollutants in the reviews. The general population was the most common sample in the reviews, followed by children, and adults. The majority of the reviews investigated health outcomes of respiratory diseases in children, as well as cardiovascular diseases in all ages. Combining health outcomes and air pollutants, PM2.5 was included in a higher number of reviews in eight health outcomes, mainly cardiovascular diseases. DISCUSSION: The majority of SRs and MAs showed that air pollution has harmful effects on health, with a focus on respiratory and cardiovascular outcomes. Future studies should extend the analysis to psychological and social aspects influenced by air pollution.

Perception of Risk, Self-Efficacy and Social Trust during the Diffusion of Covid-19 in Italy.

The Coronavirus pandemic has affected the lives of people all over the world. The perception of risk and people's consequent behaviour during a pandemic are very complex and are affected by multiple cultural and psychological factors. The aim of this study was to investigate the change in risk perception, perceived self-efficacy and the perceived trust in the behaviour of others, the decisions of health authorities and government provisions, as well as the variation of self-restraint behaviours during the spread of the Covid-19 epidemic in Italy. We used a convenience sample of 707 university students (Mage = 22.99; SD = 4.01) from a central area of Italy. Participants freely joined the research by answering an online questionnaire between February and March 2020. Three time intervals defined by the progressive containment measures implemented by the Italian Government were considered. Main outcome measures were the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale, the Risk Perception Index, the Index of Self-restraint Behaviours, and Institutional and Interpersonal Trust Measures. Results confirmed that significant changes in the time progression have occurred in the perception of risk, in the perception of individual self-efficacy, in the value attributed to social responsibility, in interpersonal trust and in trust in health authorities. The study also identified the participants' personality traits and locus of control as predictors (positive and negative) of perceived self-efficacy and tested a mediation model of trust on the effect of risk perception on self-restraint intentions.

An Exploratory Pilot Study on Choking Episodes in Archery.

The aim of our study is to test the fit of an explanatory model of the frequency of the phenomenon of choking under pressure in archers, focusing on both the individual components (anxiety, coping styles, and decentralization) and environmental components (perception of coach assistance). 115 competitive athletes including 72 males (62.6%) and 43 females (37.4%) participated in the study, with average age of 39 years (±15.47). Participants reported personal data and completed measures of self-consciousness, anxiety, coping styles, and decentering. The ruminative component of concern was found to be the factor directly influencing the frequency of choking episodes in performance. Two significant mediations of personal coping style were also identified on the effects of anxiety on brooding thinking and on the athlete's ability to decentralize. The latter personal self-regulative component has been shown to be able to strongly limit the frequency of choking under pressure. Finally, among the environmental components, a further facilitating influence for the athlete resulted in the perception of being supported by the coach. The results therefore suggest that the athlete in choking should not face alone the hard upcoming period, but should preferably be supported with an articulated program focused on the cognitive remodeling of disturbing thoughts, on the strengthening of the capacity of decentralization, on the enhancement of the relationship of support and trust with the coach.

Daily submicron particle doses received by populations living in different low- and middle-income countries.

In the present study, the daily dose in terms of particle surface area received by citizens living in different low- and middle-income countries, characterized by different lifestyles, habits, and climates, was evaluated. The level of exposure to submicron particles and the dose received by the populations of Accra (Ghana), Cairo (Egypt), Florianopolis (Brazil), and Nur-Sultan (Kazakhstan) were analyzed. A direct exposure assessment approach was adopted to measure the submicron particle concentration levels of volunteers at a personal scale during their daily activities. Non-smoking adult volunteers performing non-industrial jobs were considered. Exposure data were combined with time-activity pattern data (characteristic of each population) and the inhalation rates to estimate the daily dose in terms of particle surface area. The received dose of the populations under investigation varied from 450 mm2 (Florianopolis, Brazil) to 1300 mm2 (Cairo, Egypt). This work highlights the different contributions of the microenvironments to the daily dose with respect to high-income western populations. It was evident that the contribution of the Cooking & Eating microenvironment to the total exposure (which was previously proven to be one of the main exposure routes for western populations) was only 8%-14% for low- and middle-income populations. In contrast, significant contributions were estimated for Outdoor day and Transport microenvironments (up to 20% for Cairo, Egypt) and the Sleeping & Resting microenvironment (up to 28% for Accra, Ghana), highlighting the effects of different site-specific lifestyles (e.g. time-activity patterns), habits, socioeconomic conditions, climates, and outdoor air quality.

Psychological variables of CrossFit participants: a systematic review.

Objective: This study aimed to review the existing literature concerning the psychological variables of CrossFit participants. Methodology: This review followed the PRISMA guidelines and was documented in the PROSPERO registry (CRD42018091177). Six electronic databases (SCOPUS, PubMed, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, EMBASE, and Cochrane) were searched from their inception through July 2020. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed. Results: Thirty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. We observed an increase in satisfaction, clinical addiction, and enjoyment among participants related to exercise, social improvement, and high intrinsic motivation to participate for the purpose of enjoyment, challenge, and affiliation. Perceptions of effort were high among CrossFit participants. Some studies found that the reaction time was impaired after the CrossFit session, whereas others found no changes in mental health, self-esteem, and well-being after training. Conclusion: Adherence and maintenance of the practice of CrossFit are related to psychological variables such as motivation and satisfaction of basic psychological needs. CrossFit participants demonstrated high perception of effort, intrinsic motivation, and reasons for practice such as enjoyment, challenge, and affiliation. The quality assessment demonstrated the need for more detail in the methods section of future investigations. Additional high-quality studies are needed to investigate the effects of CrossFit training on the mental health of participants.

Correction to: Do the benefits of exercise in indoor and outdoor environments during the COVID­19 pandemic outweigh the risks of infection?

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1007/s11332-020-00673-z.].

The COVID-19 pandemic challenges physical activity with two emerging paradigms / A pandemia do COVID-19 confronta a atividade física com dois paradigmas emergentes

We are facing an unprecedented crisis due to the COVID-19, with social distancing measures. These measures have adverse impacts and exercise professionals need to gear efforts to promote active lifestyles. This assay has two purposes: 1) To discuss the role of web­based physical activity interventions during and after the COVID-19 pandemic, debating pros and cons, and offering preliminary guidance; 2) To discuss the role of physical activity on mental health, and proposing strategies to exercise interventions. We suggest a more positive outlook to web­based physical activity as internet can expand the scope of exercise as a self-care tool to health enhancement. The use of the internet as a professional tool to support exercise promotion can become a trend. Professional should weigh up the pros and cons when using such approach. After this pandemic we will cherish the psychological well-being benefits of exercise

Estamos enfrentando uma crise sem precedentes em virtude da pandemia de COVID-19 e isso inclui a necessidade de isolamento social. O isolamento social tem efeitos adversos para a saúde mental e manter um estilo de vida ativo é importante. Este ensaio tem como objetivo discutir a atividade física no formato remoto, assim como, a relação da atividade física e saúde mental. São evidenciados prós e contras da atividade física remota através da internet, além de recomendações práticas. Observa-se que a promoção da atividade física remota, utilizando-se da internet, pode ampliar e favorecer o escopo da atividade física para o autocuidado e promoção da saúde. O uso da atividade física remota pode virar uma tendência, contudo, os profissionais devem equilibrar os prós e os contras quando da sua utilização. Evidencia-se que depois da pandemia os benefícios da atividade física sobre a saúde mental serão mais valorizados

What we already know about the effects of exercise in patients with fibromyalgia: An umbrella review.

We aimed to analyze the evidence on the effects of physical exercise in patients with fibromyalgia (FM) and to assess the characteristics of published studies, especially the quality of the evidence, through an umbrella review. This umbrella review followed the PRISMA guidelines and was documented in the PROSPERO registry (CRD42017075687). We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, SportDiscus, Scopus, Cinahl, and Cochrane Library databases. The methodological quality of systematic reviews was assessed using AMSTAR 2. We only selected systematic reviews (with or without meta-analyses) investigating the effects of any type of physical exercise in patients with FM syndrome. Thirty-seven systematic reviews (total = 477) fulfilled the criteria. Most studies were rated as being of low or moderate quality. A variety of exercises were used as treatment for FM symptoms, with positive results. Most of the reviews investigated the effects of aerobic exercise and strength training. No serious adverse events were reported. The largest effects of exercise were seen in terms of improved pain intensity and quality of life. Altogether, exercise may be an effective treatment for FM symptoms. Thus, aerobic exercise and strength training are effective programs for the treatment of FM. By summarizing the findings and effect sizes of the reviewed studies, we observed that the evidence for improvement of pain level and quality of life was the strongest. The results have potential to influence evidence-based practice. Future studies should analyze the long-term effects of exercise.