ABSTRACT
We developed a model of blood hyperviscosity avoiding extreme impact on the blood. The model shows reproducibility in rat blood under common storage conditions (4±1°C; stabilization with citrate-phosphate-glucose additive solution). Storage of rat blood under these condition leads to impairment of its rheological properties, which manifested in an increase in blood viscosity in a wide range of shear rates (3-300 sec-1). An increase in blood viscosity appeared the first day of storage and reached a maximum on the third day. During further 11-day storage, the blood viscosity did not change significantly. A hybrid macromolecular compound O-(3-(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoyl)-(1â6)-α-D-glucan improved the hemorheological properties during storage. The most pronounced effect was observed on the third day of storage and manifested in a decrease in blood viscosity in the range of shear rates of 50-300 sec-1. Thus, storage of rat blood with citrate-phosphate-glucose additive solution for 3 days at 4±1°C reproduces the phenomenon of blood hyperviscosity; this model can be used to screen agents with hemorheological activity.
Subject(s)
Blood Viscosity , Animals , Rats , Reproducibility of Results , RheologyABSTRACT
The effect of chitosan- and vanillin-based immune modulators on the development of the phytopathogen Cochliobolus sativus (S. Ito & Kurib.) Drechsler ex Dastur, which induces dark-brown blotch (helminthosporiosis) in wheat, has been studied. It was shown that treatment with these substances led to a decreased injured area in leaves and an increase in the biotrophic period of pathogen development. It was found that vanillin-modified chitosan effectively provided wheat resistance to hemibiotrophic pathogen C. sativus. Changes in leaf peroxidase activity correlated with the manifestation of disease symptoms.
Subject(s)
Ascomycota/growth & development , Benzaldehydes , Chitosan , Disease Resistance/drug effects , Immunologic Factors , Plant Diseases/microbiology , Triticum , Ascomycota/immunology , Benzaldehydes/chemistry , Benzaldehydes/pharmacology , Chitosan/chemistry , Chitosan/pharmacology , Immunologic Factors/chemistry , Immunologic Factors/pharmacology , Plant Diseases/immunology , Triticum/growth & development , Triticum/microbiologyABSTRACT
It was shown using various methods that the radical scavenging and radical scavenging activities of chitosan conjugates with phenolic antioxidants of plant origin significantly exceed the corresponding values of their low molecular weight analogs (gallic and syringic acids, quercetin and dihydroquercetin). Cytogenetic analysis of human peripheral blood lymphocytes demonstrated that the conjugates showed pronounced antimutagenic efficiency when the cells were γ-irradiated in vitro at a dose of 2 Gy.
Subject(s)
Antimutagenic Agents , Antioxidants , Chitosan , Gamma Rays/adverse effects , Lymphocytes , Plants/chemistry , Antimutagenic Agents/chemistry , Antimutagenic Agents/pharmacology , Antioxidants/chemistry , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Chitosan/chemistry , Chitosan/pharmacology , Humans , Lymphocytes/metabolism , Lymphocytes/pathologyABSTRACT
The conformation properties of clinically relevant hybrid macromolecular antioxidants (dextran hydrophobically modified by sterically hindered phenols) in aqueous solution were characterized by a combination of dynamic light scattering (DLS), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS). We were able to split and analyze separately two different types of polydispersity -polydispersity over molecular weights and the one over substitution degree. The properties of the hybrid macromolecules are determined by the number of hydrophobic antioxidants in a single molecule. An insertion of hydrophobic groups into a hydrophilic chain changes the conformation of a single conjugate macromolecule. We have established that with the increasing of a number of hydrophobic antioxidant groups, a conformational transition occurs where a single conjugate undergoes a transition from a Gaussian coil conformation to a more compact structure.
Subject(s)
Antioxidants/chemistry , Dextrans/chemistry , Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions , Phenols/chemistry , Carbohydrate Conformation , Chromatography, Gel , Hydrodynamics , Light , Neutron Diffraction , Scattering, Radiation , Scattering, Small Angle , ViscosityABSTRACT
Antimutagenic activity of triple copolymers of diallyl origin was investigated by animal cell test (mouse bone marrow erythrocytes, 1.5 Gy of gamma irradiation) and by plant cell test (seeds of barley, 5 Gy of gamma irradiation). Effective protection of genetic structure was achieved owing to combination of moderate antimutagenic activity of the polymer matrix and scavenging ability of sterically hindered phenols in the polymer side chain.
