ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: This study evaluated breast imaging procedures for predicting pathologic complete response (pCR = ypT0) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) for breast cancer to challenge surgery as a diagnostic procedure after NACT. METHODS: This retrospective, exploratory, monocenter study included 150 invasive breast cancers treated by NACT. The patients received magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), mammography (MGR), and ultrasound (US). The results were classified in three response subgroups according to response evaluation criteria in solid tumors. To incorporate specific features of MRI and MGR, an additional category [clinical near complete response (near-cCR)] was defined. Residual cancer in imaging and pathology was defined as a positive result. Negative predictive values (NPVs), false-negative rates (FNRs), and false-positive rates (FPRs) of all imaging procedures were analyzed for the whole cohort and for triple-negative (TN), HER2-positive (HER2+), and HER2-negative/hormone-receptor-positive (HER2-/HR+) cancers, respectively. RESULTS: In 46 cases (31%), pCR (ypT0) was achieved. Clinical complete response (cCR) and near-cCR showed nearly the same NPVs and FNRs. The NPV was highest with 61% for near-cCR in MRI and lowest with 44% for near-cCR in MGR for the whole cohort. The FNRs ranged from 4 to 25% according to different imaging methods. The MRI performance seemed to be superior, especially in TN cancers (NPV 94%; FNR 5%). The lowest FPR was 10 % in MRI, and the highest FPR was 44% in US. CONCLUSION: Neither MRI nor MGR or US can diagnose a pCR (ypT0) with sufficient accuracy to replace pathologic diagnosis of the surgical excision specimen.
Subject(s)
Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use , Diagnostic Imaging/methods , Multimodal Imaging , Neoadjuvant Therapy , Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis , Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism , Chemotherapy, Adjuvant , Female , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Immunoenzyme Techniques , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Grading , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Neoplasm Staging , Prognosis , Receptor, ErbB-2/metabolism , Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism , Receptors, Progesterone/metabolism , Retrospective Studies , Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/metabolismABSTRACT
Blepharoplasty is one of the most common rejuvenating facial plastic surgery procedures. The procedure has been described many times and has very few complications. The tissue removed from the upper eyelid during blepharoplasty can be used as a skin graft for areola reconstruction due to the tissue's similarity to the areola's natural skin. The present study investigated the use of upper blepharoplasty for areola reconstruction. Criteria were patient satisfaction, objective measurements and the assessment of cosmesis by a panel of physicians. All eight patients included in the study were very satisfied with the cosmetic result. Objective measurements and assessment by a panel of physicians using photographs of the reconstructed nipple-areola complex showed very good aesthetic results.
Subject(s)
Fertilization in Vitro , Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic , Thrombasthenia/complications , Adult , Antifibrinolytic Agents/therapeutic use , Cesarean Section , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Infertility, Female/blood , Infertility, Female/complications , Infertility, Female/therapy , Postoperative Hemorrhage/prevention & control , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic/blood , Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic/drug therapy , Pregnancy Outcome , Thrombasthenia/blood , Thrombasthenia/drug therapy , Tranexamic Acid/therapeutic useABSTRACT
Hospital managers and the heads of medical departments are nowadays being faced with ever increasing demands. It is becoming difficult for some small hospitals to find highly experienced or even experienced medical staff, to provide specific health-care services at break-even prices and to maintain their position in competition with other hospitals. On the other hand, large hospitals are facing enormous pressure in the investment and costs fields. Cooperation could provide a solution for these problems. For an optimal strategic exploitation of the hospitals, their direction could be placed in the hands of a joint medical director. However, the directorship of two hospitals is associated both with opportunities and with risks. The present article illustrates the widely differing aspects of the cooperation between a medical centre and a general hospital providing standard care from both a theoretical point of view and on the basis of practical experience with an actual cooperation of this type in Heidelberg.