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1.
Aten. prim. (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 26(8): 517-525, nov. 2000.
Article in Es | IBECS | ID: ibc-4303

ABSTRACT

Objetivos. Investigar la prevalencia de las alteraciones de la homeostasia glucídica en la población de alto riesgo. Determinar la prevalencia de los factores clásicos de riesgo y comparar su rendimiento para el cribado de diabetes según los criterios OMS y ADA. Diseño y ámbito. Estudio transversal, multicéntrico, de detección selectiva de la población asistida en 9 centros de atención primaria y una unidad hospitalaria de diabetes (230.000 habitantes). Pacientes. Mayores de 40 años, no gestantes, con uno o más factores de riesgo para la diabetes (IMC >= 30 kg/m2, antecedentes familiares de diabetes, anomalía glucémica previa o ingesta de fármacos hiperglucemiantes). Mediciones. Se informatizaron edad, sexo y factores de riesgo diabetológico. Se determinó la glucemia basal (GB) y a las 2 horas (G2h) de una prueba de tolerancia oral (PTOG). Se calculó el valor predictivo positivo y la odds ratio para cada factor de riesgo. Por medio de curvas ROC (receiver operator characteristics) se identificó el valor de GB que maximiza la sensibilidad y especificidad de la G2h. Resultados principales. Se evaluaron 580 individuos, 250 varones (43,1 por ciento), de edad media 58,1 ñ 10,7 años e IMC 31,2 ñ 5,2 kg/m2. Resultaron 132 (22,7 por ciento) diagnósticos de diabetes según la OMS y 79 (13,6 por ciento) según la ADA, pero sólo en 53 (9,1 por ciento) coincidieron ambos criterios. La GB >= 126 mg/dl (7,0 mM), predijo una G2h >= 200 mg/dl (11,1 mM) con alta especificidad (94,2 por ciento) pero con muy baja sensibilidad (40,2 por ciento). Aplicando este nuevo punto de corte basal, el 50 por ciento de diabéticos (GB normal con G2h diabética) no se hubiera diagnosticado. Los valores predictivos para los factores clásicos de riesgo según los criterios OMS oscilaron entre el 23,4-29,1 por ciento y superaron siempre los obtenidos con los criterios ADA (11,6-18,3 por ciento; p < 0,01). Conclusiones. La PTOG continúa siendo clave en la detección de diabetes, puesto que la capacidad predictiva de la G2h supera ampliamente a la GB. Los criterios ADA infravaloran el impacto de la diabetes precisamente en la población de más alto riesgo (AU)


Subject(s)
Middle Aged , Male , Female , Humans , Guidelines as Topic , Risk Factors , Societies, Medical , Spain , Sensitivity and Specificity , World Health Organization , Odds Ratio , Blood Glucose , Cross-Sectional Studies , Mass Screening , Area Under Curve , Predictive Value of Tests , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
2.
Aten Primaria ; 26(8): 517-24, 2000 Nov 15.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11149184

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: The main aim was to investigate the prevalence of abnormal glucose homeostasis (impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance and undiagnosed diabetes) on high-risk Spanish population. The second, to determine the prevalence and usefulness of classical risk factors for diabetes screening according WHO and ADA criteria and to evaluate the potential effect of different stepwise strategies. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional, multicentric, selective screening study carried out in primary health care which involved 9 health care centres and 1 diabetes unit (230,000 inhabitants). PATIENTS: Individuals aged > 40 years, non pregnant with at least one major risk factor for diabetes: BMI > or = 30 kg/m2, a first degree relative with diabetes, previous abnormality of glucose tolerance or the use of oral hyperglycaemic drugs for a long time. MEASUREMENTS: Database including sex, age and risk factors. Diagnoses were based on measurement of fasting plasma glucose (FPG) followed by a 2h-plasma glucose (2hPG) using a 75 gr. oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Positive predictive value (PPV) and odds ratio were calculated for each risk factor. The FPG concentration which maximised the sensitivity and specificity with respect to the 2hPG was established by means of the ROC-curves (receiver operator characteristics). MAIN RESULTS: 580 individuals were evaluated, 250 males (43.1%), mean age 58.1 +/- 10.7 years and BMI 31.2 +/- 5.2 kg/m2. A total of 132 (22.7%) individuals presented diabetes according the WHO criteria, 79 (13.6%) according ADA and only 53 (9.1%) according both sets of criteria. FPG > or = 126 mg/dl (7 mM) predicted a diabetic 2hPG with high specificity (94.2%) but a very low sensitivity (40.2%). If that cut-point was used alone for early screening half the diabetics with normal FPG but with a diabetic 2hPG would not have been diagnosed. According the WHO criteria PPV for classical risk factors oscillated between 23.4-29.1% and were significantly higher than those obtained according ADA criteria (11.6-18.3%; p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The OGTT is still the cornerstone for diabetes screening thus the FPG predictive value greatly decreases the 2hPG predictive value. ADA criteria undervalues the diabetes impact mainly on high-risk population.


Subject(s)
Blood Glucose/metabolism , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis , Guidelines as Topic , Societies, Medical/standards , Area Under Curve , Cross-Sectional Studies , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/ethnology , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism , Female , Humans , Male , Mass Screening/methods , Mass Screening/standards , Middle Aged , Odds Ratio , Predictive Value of Tests , Risk Factors , Sensitivity and Specificity , Spain , World Health Organization
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