ABSTRACT
The authors propose a classification of the disease according to the degree of the pathological process. Conservative methods are analyzed and the necessity to perform operations at early stages of the disease is substantiated.
Subject(s)
Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Constriction, Pathologic/pathology , Constriction, Pathologic/therapy , Fingers/pathology , Hydrocortisone/therapeutic use , Ligaments/pathology , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage , Connective Tissue Diseases/pathology , Connective Tissue Diseases/therapy , Constriction, Pathologic/drug therapy , Female , Humans , Hydrocortisone/administration & dosage , Injections , Male , Middle AgedSubject(s)
Hernia, Diaphragmatic/diagnostic imaging , Female , Hernia, Diaphragmatic/surgery , Humans , Middle Aged , RadiographyABSTRACT
Arg8-vasopressin (AVP) is a potent inducer of myogenic differentiation stimulating the expression of myogenic regulatory factors. To understand the mechanism of its effect on myogenesis, we investigated the early signals induced by AVP in myogenic target cells. In the rat skeletal muscle cell line L6, AVP selectively stimulates phosphatidylinositol (PtdIns) and phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) breakdown, through the activation of phospholipases C and D (PLC, PLD), as shown by the generation of Ins(1,4,5)P3 and phosphatidylethanol (PtdEtOH), respectively. AVP induces the biphasic increase of sn-1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG) consisting in a rapid peak followed by a sustained phase, and the monophasic generation of phosphatidic acid (PA). Propranolol (a PA phosphatase inhibitor) and Zn2+ (a PLD inhibitor), abolish the sustained phase of DAG generation. Our data indicate that PtdIns-PLC activity is mainly responsible for the rapid phase of AVP-dependent DAG generation, whereas the sustained phase is dependent upon PtdCho-PLD activity and PA dephosphorylation, ruling out any significant role of DAG kinase. Modifications of PA level correlate with parallel changes of PLC activity, indicating a possible cross-talk between the two signal transduction pathways in the intact cell. PLD activation is elicited at AVP concentrations two orders of magnitude lower than those required for PLC activation. The differentiation of L6 myoblasts into multinucleated fibers is stimulated significantly by AVP at concentrations at which PLD, but not PLC, is activated. These data provide the first evidence for an important role of PLD in the mechanism of AVP-induced muscle differentiation.
Subject(s)
Muscle, Skeletal/physiology , Phospholipase D/physiology , Signal Transduction/drug effects , Type C Phospholipases/physiology , Vasoconstrictor Agents/pharmacology , Vasopressins/pharmacology , Animals , Cell Differentiation/drug effects , Cell Differentiation/physiology , Cell Line , Muscle, Skeletal/cytology , RatsABSTRACT
The protective properties of early virus-specific proteins (EVSP) of Marburg virus have been studied. Immunoglobulins to EVSP in combination with immunoglobulins to UV-inactivated Marburg virus prevented lethal infection in Marburg virus infected guinea pigs. More than 80% of guinea pigs immunized by mixture of EVSP and UV-inactivated Marburg virus survived after challenge with 25 LD50 of Marburg virus. The explanation of this phenomenon and its further utilization are discussed.
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Viral/immunology , Immediate-Early Proteins/immunology , Marburg Virus Disease/immunology , Marburgvirus/immunology , Vaccination , Animals , Guinea Pigs , Marburg Virus Disease/prevention & control , MiceABSTRACT
The theoretical description of the field reconstructed from an in-line hologram of dispersed media is presented. The intensity distribution in the focal plane of a lens placed behind a hologram is analyzed. It is shown that two overlapped patterns are observing in this plane. The first pattern is entirely in accordance with the small-angle spectrum of radiation scattered by the ensemble of particles, and its view does not depend on the distances between the particles, the hologram, and the lens. The second pattern is made of Fresnel's rings and depends on the distance between the particles and the hologram. A statistical interpretation of the distribution of intensity in the focal plane of a lens is proposed. Experimental results and discussion are presented.
ABSTRACT
We have investigated the mechanism of action by which insulin increases phosphatidate (PA) and diacylglycerol (DAG) levels in cultured rat hepatocytes. Insulin initially stimulated phosphatidylcholine-dependent phospholipase D (PC-PLD) with a significant increase in both PA and intracellular as well as extracellular choline. The involvement of phospholipase D was confirmed by the formation of PC-derived phosphatidylethanol in the presence of ethanol. The DAG increase appeared to be biphasic. Only the early phase of DAG production was inhibited by propranolol, an inhibitor of the phosphatidate phosphatase (PAP) responsible for the conversion of PA into DAG, suggesting that initially the DAG increase is due to the PLD-PAP pathway. The delayed DAG increase was in parallel with increased intracellular and extracellular phosphocholine and probably derived directly from PC-PLC activity. Experiments performed in the presence of 1 microM phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) indicated that protein kinase C (PKC) mediated the insulin effect on PC-PLC, but not on PC-PLD. These findings were confirmed using the PKC inhibitors calphostin, H7 and staurosporine. The dual activation of these phospholipases with a biphasic elevation of DAG levels and activation of specific PKC isoenzymes could be necessary to elicit both early and delayed effects of insulin.
Subject(s)
Insulin/pharmacology , Liver/enzymology , Phosphatidylcholines/biosynthesis , Phospholipase D/metabolism , Type C Phospholipases/metabolism , Animals , Arachidonic Acid/metabolism , Cells, Cultured , Diglycerides/biosynthesis , Enzyme Activation/drug effects , Liver/drug effects , Male , Myristic Acid , Myristic Acids/metabolism , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Signal TransductionABSTRACT
It is widely accepted that insulin action does not involve inositol phospholipid hydrolysis through the stimulation of a phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC). This consideration prompted us to investigate the insulin effect on the mechanism leading to the accumulation of diacylglycerol (DAG) and phosphatidic acid (PA) in rat hepatocytes. Basically, insulin induces: (i) a significant increase of both [3H]glycerol and fatty acid labelling of DAG; (ii) a significant increase of PA labelling preceding DAG labelling and paralleled by a decrease of phosphatidylcholine (PC) labelling. These observations, which suggest an insulin-dependent involvement of a phospholipase D, are strengthened by the increase of PC-derived phosphatidylethanol in presence of ethanol. Finally, the observation that the PA levels do not return to basal suggests that other mechanisms different from PC hydrolysis, such as the stimulation of direct synthesis of PA, may be activated.
Subject(s)
Diglycerides/metabolism , Insulin/physiology , Liver/metabolism , Phosphatidic Acids/metabolism , Animals , Cell Membrane/metabolism , Fatty Acids/metabolism , In Vitro Techniques , Kinetics , Liver/cytology , Male , Phosphatidylcholines/metabolism , Rats , Rats, WistarSubject(s)
Acupuncture Analgesia/methods , Acupuncture Points , Analgesics/administration & dosage , Genital Diseases, Female/surgery , Pain, Postoperative/prevention & control , Placental Extracts/administration & dosage , Adolescent , Adult , Female , Humans , Injections, Subcutaneous , Middle Aged , Pain, Postoperative/etiology , SuspensionsABSTRACT
The paper presents the results from examinations of morphological changes in the lung of 51 persons who died from drug-induced anaphylactic shock at the age of 6 months to 67 years. The patients died several minutes to 7-10 days following drug administration. The causes of the shock were administrations of antibiotics, novocain (procaine hydrochloride), glucose, radiopaque agents, plasma-substituting solutions, protein hydrolysates, and other substances. Forty-nine persons died after parenteral drug administration. The most frequent concurrent conditions were gastrointestinal and respiratory diseases and pregnancy. A clinical and morphological analysis of the material enabled the authors to single out 6 types of drug-induced anaphylactic shock: asphyxial, bronchospasmic, hemodynamic, cerebral, abdominal and a variant with prevalent pulmonary edema. Typical characteristics of pulmonary alterations are described in each type of the shock.
Subject(s)
Anaphylaxis/chemically induced , Drug Hypersensitivity/pathology , Lung/pathology , Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Anaphylaxis/pathology , Anaphylaxis/physiopathology , Asphyxia/chemically induced , Brain/drug effects , Bronchial Spasm/chemically induced , Child , Drug Hypersensitivity/physiopathology , Female , Hemodynamics/drug effects , Humans , Lung/drug effects , Male , Middle Aged , Pulmonary Edema/chemically inducedABSTRACT
A method for postoperative analgesia is described on 200 patients operated on abdominal organs and anterior abdominal wall. The technique of pharmacological stimulation of acupuncture points was used. Placental suspension was used as a stimulator. The method is highly effective, simple in use and cheap. The use of reflex therapy technique ensures early postoperative activation of patients. The method does not affect adversely the functions of the patients' organs and systems and makes it possible to detect early signs of postoperative complications and identify and eliminate cases of addiction to narcotic analgesics, as it is possible to restrain from their use in the postoperative period.
