Autoimmune gastritis with a gastric hamartomatous inverted polyp and two hyperplastic polyps: a case report.

We report an unusual case of autoimmune gastritis (AIG) complicated with a submucosal tumor (SMT) and two pedunculated polyps in a 60-year-old man. The patient was admitted for epigastric distention, heartburn, and anorexia. Endoscopy showed an SMT in the fundus, two pedunculated polyps in the body, and markedly atrophic mucosa of the body and fundus. The SMT, measuring 20 mm in diameter, was resected by endoscopic submucosal dissection and histologically diagnosed as a gastric hamartomatous inverted polyp (GHIP), which is characterized by submucosal glandular proliferation, cystic dilatation, and calcification. The gland structures consisted of foveolar cells and pseudopyloric or mucous-neck cell types. The two pedunculated polyps that were resected by endoscopic mucosal resection were histologically diagnosed as hyperplastic polyps, which are characterized by hyperplastic foveolar glands with pseudopyloric or mucous-neck glands in the inflamed stroma in the mucosa, which consisted of almost the same types of lining cells as the GHIP in the fundus. Findings may indicate the relationship between GHIP, hyperplastic polyp, and AIG. We highlight considering GHIP as a differential diagnosis for an SMT in patients with AIG.

Drug repurposing of histone deacetylase inhibitors that alleviate neutrophilic inflammation in acute lung injury and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis via inhibiting leukotriene a4 hydrolase and blocking LTB4 biosynthesis / 中国药理学与毒理学杂志

OBJECTIVE Leukotriene B4 (LTB4) biosynthesis and subsequently neutrophilic inflam?mation may provide a potential strategy for the treatment of acute lung injury (ALI) or idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). To provide a potential strategy for the treatment of ALI or IPF, we identified potent inhibi?tors of Leukotriene A4 hydrolase (LTA4H), a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of LTB4. METHODS In this study, we identified two known histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, suberanilohydroxamic acid (SAHA) and its analogue 4-(dimethylamino)-N-〔7-(hydroxyamino)-7-oxoheptyl〕benzamide (M344), as effective inhibitors of LTA4H using enzymatic assay, thermofluor assay, and X- ray crystallographic investigation. We next tested the effect of SAHA and M344 on endogenous LTB4 biosynthesis in neutrophils by ELISA and neutrophil migration by transwell migration assay. A murine experimental model of ALI was induced by lipopolysaccharide(LPS) inhalation. Histopathological analysis of lung tissue using H&E staining revealed the serious pulmonary damage caused by LPS treatment and the effect of the SAHA. We next examined mRNA and protein levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in lung tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid using qRT- PCR and ELISA to further investigate the underlying mechanisms of anti-inflammatory activities by SAHA. We also investigated the effects of SAHA and M344 on a murine experimental model of bleomycin (BLM)-induced IPF model. RESULTS The results of enzymatic assay and X-ray crystallography showed that both SAHA and M344 bind to LTA4H, signif?icantly decrease LTB4 levels in neutrophil, and markedly diminish early neutrophilic inflammation in mouse models of ALI and IPF under a clinical safety dose. CONCLUSION Collectively, SAHA and M344 would provide promising agents with well-known clinical safety for potential treatment in patients with ALI and IPF via pharmacologically inhibiting LAT4H and blocking LTB4 biosynthesis.

Effects of endoscopic mucosal resection in patients with low-grade intraepithelial dysplasia of esophageal squamous cells.

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the effects of endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) on patients with low-grade intraepithelial dysplasia (LGD) of the esophageal squamous cells. METHODS: A randomized study recruited 128 LGD patients. These patients were randomly divided into treatment and control groups after the preoperative examination. The treatment group was composed of 63 LGD cases who received EMR. The control group included 65 LGD cases that were not treated with EMR. Clinical interviews and endoscopy were conducted after 30 months as postoperative follow-up. RESULTS: Concerning the percentages of esophageal lesions that changed from serious conditions into slight conditions (namely from high-grade intraepithelial dysplasia (HGD) to LGD, basal cell hyperplasia, esophagitis and normal mucosa) there was a significantly linear trend relationship between the treatment group and control group. In downstaging of dysplasia grade, the total percentage for the 52 cases (82.5%) in the treatment group was significantly higher than that for the 32 cases (49.2%) in the control group (Pearson χ(2) = 15.734, p < 0.001). Also, in patients that remained at the LGD grade or had upstaging of their dysplasia grade, the proportions of the change were significantly different between the two groups. CONCLUSION: The percentage rate of regression of LGD was increased in the EMR treatment group as compared to that of the control group. EMR may prevent or delay the progression of LGD to HGD.

NIR-to-NIR two-photon excited CaF2:Tm3+,Yb3+ nanoparticles: multifunctional nanoprobes for highly penetrating fluorescence bio-imaging.

In this study, we report on the remarkable two-photon excited fluorescence efficiency in the "biological window" of CaF(2):Tm(3+),Yb(3+) nanoparticles. On the basis of the strong Tm(3+) ion emission (at around 800 nm), tissue penetration depths as large as 2 mm have been demonstrated, which are more than 4 times those achievable based on the visible emissions in comparable CaF(2):Er(3+),Yb(3+) nanoparticles. The outstanding penetration depth, together with the fluorescence thermal sensitivity demonstrated here, makes CaF(2):Tm(3+),Yb(3+) nanoparticles ideal candidates as multifunctional nanoprobes for high contrast and highly penetrating in vivo fluorescence imaging applications.

[Theoretical analysis and experimental measurement for secondary electron yield of microchannel plate in extreme ultraviolet region].

Photon counting detectors based on microchannel plate have widespread applications in astronomy. The present paper deeply studies secondary electron of microchannel plate in extreme ultraviolet. A theoretical model describing extreme ultraviolet-excited secondary electron yield is presented, and the factor affecting on the secondary electron yields of both electrode and lead glass which consist of microchannel plate is analyzed according to theoretical formula derived from the model. The result shows that the higher secondary electron yield is obtained under appropriate condition that the thickness of material is more than 20 nm and the grazing incidence angle is larger than the critical angle. Except for several wavelengths, the secondary electron yields of both electrode and lead glass decrease along with the increase in the wavelength And also the quantum efficiency of microchannel plate is measured using quantum efficiency test set-up with laser-produced plasmas source as an extreme ultraviolet radiation source, and the result of experiment agrees with theoretical analysis.

Carbon ion implanted Nd:MgO:LiNbO(3) optical channel waveguides: an intermediate step between light and heavy ion implanted waveguides.

We report on the micron-luminescent properties of carbon ion implanted optical channel waveguides in the Nd:MgO:LiNbO(3) laser crystals. The confocal fluorescence images of the waveguide's cross section are presented based on the analysis of the spatial variation of the Nd(3+) fluorescence properties. We have found that the carbon ion implanted waveguides exhibit hybrid fluorescence properties of both hydrogen and oxygen ion implanted waveguides, which clearly denotes a "boundary" effect of light and heavy ions for waveguide formation in lithium niobate crystals.

[Oxaliplatin combined with capecitabine as first-line chemotherapy for patients with advanced gastric cancer].

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Combination therapy of oxaliplatin and capecitabine has certain effects on advanced gastric cancer (AGC). This study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of oxaliplatin in combination with capecitabine as first-line chemotherapy for AGC patients. METHODS: Thirty-three chemotherapy-naive patients with AGC were entered into this study. They received 2 h intravenous infusion of oxaliplatin 130 mg/m2 on day 1 and oral administration of capecitabine 2000 mg/m2, given in two daily doses, on days 1-14 (XELOX regimen). The regimen was repeated every 21 days. A maximum of eight cycles were given. RESULTS: Thirty-three patients completed 159 cycles of chemotherapy with a median number of five cycles. Thirty-one patients were evaluable for efficacy. The response rate was 54.8% [95% confidence interval (CI): 37.3%-72.3%], with one complete response (3.2%), 16 partial responses (51.6%), eight stable diseases (25.8%), and six progressions (19.4%). At a mean follow-up of 10.5 months, the median time to progression and overall survival were 5.9 (95% CI: 4.7-7.1) and 10.4 months (95% CI: 7.9-12.9), respectively. The most common adverse events were myelosuppression, peripheral neuropathy, diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, and hand-foot syndrome. CONCLUSION: XELOX is an effective and well-tolerated first-line chemotherapy regimen for patients with AGC.