Assessing the Efficacy of Pixel-Level Fusion Techniques for Ultra-High-Resolution Imagery: A Case Study of BJ-3A.

Beijing Satellite 3 is a high-performance optical remote sensing satellite with a spatial resolution of 0.3-0.5 m. It can provide timely and independent ultra-high-resolution spatial big data and comprehensive spatial information application services. At present, there is no relevant research on the fusion method of BJ-3A satellite images. In many applications, high-resolution panchromatic images alone are insufficient. Therefore, it is necessary to fuse them with multispectral images that contain spectral color information. Currently, there is a lack of research on the fusion method of BJ-3A satellite images. This article explores six traditional pixel-level fusion methods (HPF, HCS, wavelet, modified-IHS, PC, and Brovey) for fusing the panchromatic image and multispectral image of the BJ-3A satellite. The fusion results were analyzed qualitatively from two aspects: spatial detail enhancement capability and spectral fidelity. Five indicators, namely mean, standard deviation, entropy, correlation coefficient, and average gradient, were used for quantitative analysis. Finally, the fusion results were comprehensively evaluated from three aspects: spectral curves of ground objects, absolute error figure, and object-oriented classification effects. The findings of the research suggest that the fusion method known as HPF is the optimum and appropriate technique for fusing panchromatic and multispectral images obtained from BJ-3A. These results can be utilized as a guide for the implementation of BJ-3A panchromatic and multispectral data fusion in real-world scenarios.

Spatial and temporal variation of multiple eco-environmental indicators in Erhai Lake Basin of China under land use transitions.

Environmental degradation is a global ecological concern, and land use transitions play a critical role in a region's ecological well-being and long-term sustainability. In this paper, indicators related to land use transitions, including the regional eco-environmental quality index (EV), the remote sensing ecological index (RSEI), and soil erosion, are selected to analyze the eco-environmental quality of Erhai Lake Basin from 2000 to 2020. The results showed that (1) from 2000 to 2020, forestland, grassland, and cultivated land were the major land use types in the study region, and also the land use types where land use transition was notable; (2) over the 20 years of study, the EV value of Erhai Lake Basin increased by 0.003, its average RSEI increased by 0.14, and the average soil erosion modulus there decreased by 15.48 t/(km2·a), indicating that the eco-environment of the Erhai Lake Basin was improving. Evaluation based on multiple ecological indicators was superior to assessment relying on single indicators; (3) all three ecological indicators showed that the ecological environment of the basin was improving, but with significant regional differences. Forestland had the best ecological quality, while unused land and built-up land had the worst. RSEI was more regionally adaptable than the other two indices. (4) The transition of cultivated land into other land use types was the main reason for the improved ecological quality in the basin, while tourism had accelerated land use transformation. Compared with assessment based on single ecological indicators, evaluation based on a combination of multiple ecological indicators can more accurately reflect the ecological condition of the study area and provide a basis for eco-environmental protection in Erhai Lake Basin.

The Mediating Roles of Time Management and Learning Strategic Approach in the Relationship Between Smartphone Addiction and Academic Procrastination.

Purpose: Smartphone is an indispensable everyday tool for college students, while excessive usage of smartphones may lead to negative outcomes, such as academic procrastination. Previous research has suggested that smartphone addiction is a predisposing factor for procrastination. To further understand the above relationship, structural equation model analysis was used to examine the mediating effects of time management and learning strategic approach in the association with smartphone addiction and academic procrastination. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in September 2021. A total of 1129 college students aged 18 to 22 participated in the present study was adopted the cluster random sampling method and the following tools were used: the Mobile Phone Addiction Index Scale, Time Management Disposition Scale, Revised Approaches to Studying Inventory, and Aitken Procrastination Scale. Results: Results indicated that smartphone addiction is positively linked to academic procrastination, while negatively linked to time management and learning strategic approach. Both time management and learning strategic approach were negatively linked to academic procrastination. Additionally, the results showed that time management and learning strategic approach serve sequential mediating roles in the association with smartphone addiction and academic procrastination among Chinese college students after controlling for age and sex (RMSEA = 0.045, SRMR = 0.035, TLI = 0.993, CFI = 0.979). Conclusion: Time management and learning strategic approach serve sequential mediating roles in the association with smartphone addiction and academic procrastination among Chinese college students. Therefore, intervention management that focusing on improving time management as well as strengthening learning strategic approach may be useful for reducing academic procrastination among college students.